大徐本《说文解字》四大版本小篆字形对比研究  

A Comparative Study on the Small Seal Script in the Four Different Daxu Versions of Origin of Chinese Characters

作　　者：周晓文[1] 李国英[1] 杨琦 ZHOU Xiaowen;LI Guoying;YANG Qi(Research Center for Folklore,Classics and Chinese Characters,BNU,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学民俗典籍文字研究中心,北京100875

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第3期129-136,共8页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“基于资料库的古籍计算机辅助版本校勘和编撰系统研究”(15ZDB104);新闻出版重大科技工程项目“‘中华字库’工程——版刻楷体字书文字整理”(0610-1041BJNF2328/11)。

摘　　要：许慎所撰《说文解字》不但是汉字学研究之鼻祖,也是汉字教学和小篆书法写作的范本,自问世以来,对后世产生了极其广泛而深远的影响。因其重要,流传版本众多,清代以来,尤以大徐本《说文解字》额本、孙本、陈本、光绪本四个版本最为通行。因原本早已亡佚,现存版本之间亦存诸多差异,既有正误之分,亦有优劣之别。从文字学角度对字形进行校勘、甄别和分析,对学术研究和应用都具有重要的现实意义。基于现代信息技术,在"字料库"基础上,对大徐本《说文解字》的四个版本字形进行穷尽性校勘和考证分析,发现存异字形主要有形讹和异写两类。而造成这些差异的原因,包括政治避讳、传抄刻印和个人对小篆构形理解的偏差等诸多方面,这是数字化系统下研究传统学科问题的一次有效尝试,为基于"字料库"的全汉字整理与研究积累了经验,奠定了基础。Origin of Chinese Characters written by Xu Shen is not only the originator of Chinese character studies,but also the model of Chinese character teaching and small seal script calligraphy.It has a very extensive and far-reaching influence on later generations since its publication.Because of its importance,numerous editions have been spread.As for the Daxu version of Origin of Chinese Characters,E Le-bu version,SUN Xingyan version,CHEN Changzhi version,Guang Xu version are the four most popular ones since the Qing Dynasty.Given that the original is lost and there are many differences among the existing versions whose corrections and qualities vary a lot,it is of great practical significance for academic research and application to collate,discriminate and analyze glyphs from the perspective of philology.This paper,based on the modern information technology and"Chinese character database",makes exhaustive collation and textual analysis of the four versions above,and points out that there are mainly two types of difference:wrong glyphs and diverse forms of a character.Reasons for these differences include political avoidance,copying and imprinting,and the deviation of personal understanding of small seal script and so on.This research is an effective attempt to study traditional subjects through the digital system,which has accumulated experience and laid a foundation for the collation and research of whole Chinese characters based on the"Chinese character database".

关 键 词：大徐本《说文》 小篆字形 形讹 异写 

分 类 号：H021[语言文字—语言学]