上海市大型展会部分室内空气污染物分布特征与健康风险评价  

Distribution characteristics of indoor air pollutants in large-scale exhibitions in Shanghai and its health risk assessment

作　　者：张莉萍[1] 倪骏[1] 郑毅鸣 张莉君 丁一辰 张琳 陈健[1] ZHANG Liping;NI Jun;ZHENG Yiming;ZHANG Lijun;DING Yichen;ZHANG Lin;CHEN Jian(Division of Public Health Service and Safety Assessment,Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 200336,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市疾病预防控制中心公共服务与健康安全评价所,上海200336

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2021年第5期489-493,共5页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：上海市科技创新行动计划-自然科学基金资助项目(19ZR1444300)。

摘　　要：[背景]展会室内污染主要来源于布展材料和部分展品,尤其大型展会布展材料种类多,数量大,无法预留挥发时间,加上大量参展人群聚集在一起,大型展会的室内空气污染可能带来健康风险。[目的]了解大型展会室内空气污染状况及从业人员健康风险,为控制大型展会室内空气质量并制定有效管控措施提供科学依据。[方法]分别于2019年、2020年的7—9月对上海某大型会展中心9个展馆室内空气污染物中甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、氨和总挥发性有机物(TVOC)进行监测,并依据GB 37488—2019《公共场所卫生指标及限值要求》进行评价,运用美国环境保护局健康风险评估模型开展从业人员健康风险评估。同时,对不同的通风状态和展品的监测结果进行分析比较。[结果]本次监测的上海某大型会展中心室内空气总合格率为96.3%(182/189),合格率较低指标主要有甲醛(98.4%)、氨(99.5%)、TVOC(98.4%)。"全新风+开启馆门"的通风方式下甲醛、氨、苯和TVOC质量浓度(后称:浓度)的M(P25,P75)分别为0.041(0.033,0.047)、0.028(ND,0.039)、0.006(ND,0.020)、0.100(0.062,0.190)mg·m^(-3),"新风+回风+馆门关门"的通风方式下4者浓度分别为0.050(0.038,0.063)、0.040(0.035,0.070)、0.019(ND,0.028)、0.155(0.095,0.253)mg·m^(-3),"全新风+开启馆门"的通风方式下上述污染物浓度水平均低于"新风+回风+馆门关门"的通风方式。甲苯、二甲苯浓度均低于最低检出限,在不同的通风模式下差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。展示服装、鞋类展馆的甲醛浓度为0.087(0.079,0.091)mg·m^(-3),高于展示游戏、动漫周边产品的展馆[0.053(0.045,0.057)mg·m^(-3)](Z=-5.45,P<0.001);氨、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、TVOC在不同展品展馆内的浓度差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。健康风险评估结果显示:男性、女性的致癌风险分别为4.2×10-5、3.8×10-5,属于可接受水平,为低风险;男性、女性的总危害商值分[Background]The main sources of indoor pollution in exhibition halls are exhibition materials and exhibits.Especially in large exhibitions where there are numerous and varied exhibition materials and insufficient time for volatilization,the indoor air pollution may post potential health risks to the large number of participants.[Objective]This study investigates the indoor air pollution status of large-scale exhibitions and the health risks of employees,aiming to provide a scientific basis for the improvement of indoor air quality of large-scale exhibitions and the formulation of effective control measures.[Methods]Formaldehyde,benzene,toluene,xylene,ammonia,and total volatile organic compounds(TVOC)were monitored in 9 exhibition halls of a large-scale exhibition center in Shanghai from July to September in 2019 and 2020 respectively,and evaluated in accordance with Hygienic indicators and limits for public places(GB 37488—2019).The health risk assessment model of the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency was used to perform health risk assessment of employees.In addition,the monitoring results in different ventilation conditions and of different exhibits were analyzed and compared.[Results]The overall qualified rate of indoor air in the selected large exhibition center in Shanghai was 96.3%(182/189).The unqualified indoor air pollutants included formaldehyde(98.4%qualified),ammonia(99.5%qualified),and TVOC(98.4%qualified).In the"fresh air+doors open"mode,the M(P25,P75)concentrations of the four indoor air pollutants were 0.041(0.033,0.047),0.028(ND,0.039),0.006(ND,0.020),and 0.100(0.062,0.190)mg·m^(-3),respectively;in the"fresh air+return air+doors closed"mode,the concentrations of the four indoor air pollutants were 0.050(0.038,0.063),0.040(0.035,0.070),0.019(ND,0.028),and 0.155(0.095,0.253)mg·m^(-3),respectively.The concentrations of above four indoor air pollutants in the mode of"fresh air+doors open"were all lower than those in the mode of"fresh air+return air+doors closed".The concentrations of toluene an

关 键 词：会展场所 室内空气 污染物 健康风险 

分 类 号：R126.4[医药卫生—环境卫生学]