重型燃汽轮机叶片用材料和失效原因概述  

Summary Introduction to Material and Failure Cause for Heavy Gas Turbine blades

作　　者：夏际先 刘俊建 王晓东 何泳 XIA Jixian;LIU Junjian;WANG Xiaodong;He Yong(Datang Suzhou Thermal Power Generation Co.,Ltd.,Suzhou 215214,Jiangsu China;Datang Boiler and Pressure Vessel Testing Center Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230088,Anhui China;Datang East China Electric Power Test and Research Institute,Hefei 230088,Anhui China)

机构地区：[1]大唐苏州热电有限责任公司,江苏苏州215214 [2]大唐锅炉压力容器检测中心有限公司,安徽合肥230088 [3]大唐华东电力试验研究院,安徽合肥230088

出　　处：《热处理》2021年第3期41-48,共8页Heat Treatment

摘　　要：叶片是重型燃气轮机的关键零件,其服役环境苛刻,需采用高性能的材料制作,以确保重型燃气轮机稳定、可靠运行。目前,重型燃气轮机叶片主要采用镍基高温合金制造,如IN-738、GTD-111、MGA1400、K44及单晶高温合金等。透平叶片的成形工艺也在不断发展,早期的镍基高温合金叶片均是锻造成形的。为提高透平叶片主应力方向(长度方向)的蠕变强度等性能,定向凝固精密铸造技术于1970年前后得到了快速发展和应用。但由于透平入口处燃气温度急剧提高,采用定向凝固技术生产的镍基高温合金叶片已不能满足使用要求,1980年前后又开发了用单晶制备透平叶片的技术并得到了应用。重型燃气轮机叶片长期在高温高压的燃气中运行,不但经受燃气的高温氧化和热腐蚀,还承受离心力和高压燃气产生的弯曲力,其失效形式有腐蚀、疲劳和蠕变等。不含或含少量铼的镍基单晶高温合金具有良好的综合性能,是我国重型燃气轮机叶片用材料的发展方向。Blades are key component of heavy gas turbine,and exposed to harsh service environment,should are made from high-performance material,to ensure stable and reliable operation of heavy gas turbine.At the present,the blades are made mostly from nickel-base superalloys,such as IN-738,GTD-111,MGA1400,K44 alloys and monocrystalline superalloy.The forming technology for turbine blade is progressively developed as follows:the nickel-base alloy blades were formed by forging in the early stage,after this a directional solidification precision casting technology is rapidly developed and employed around 1970,to improve performance such as creep strength of turbine blade in principal stress(length)direction,however,the gas temperature at the turbine inlet has elevated significantly,which results in failure of nickel-base alloy blade fabricated by the directional solidification technology to meet service requirement,hence,a technology of making turbine blade from monocrystal has been developed and used around 1980.The blades of heavy gas turbine operate in high-temperature and high-pressure gas for a long time,are subjected to high-temperature oxidation and hot corrosion resulting from gas and to centrifugal force and bending force that arises from high-pressure gas,and become unusable because of corrosion,fatigue and creep.The nickel-base monocrystalline superalloy having no rhenium or a small amount of rhenium has good overall properties,is a development direction of material reserved for blade of heavy gas turbine in China.

关 键 词：重型燃气轮机 叶片 高温合金 失效 

分 类 号：TG142.73[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]