美国农村客运服务凭单制分析及对我国的启示  

Analysis of Voucher System of American Rural Passenger Service and Its Revelation to China

作　　者：李红昌[1] 张智博 Li Hongchang;Zhang Zhibo(School of Economics and Management,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学经济管理学院,北京100044

出　　处：《技术经济》2021年第6期158-167,共10页Journal of Technology Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“交通大数据的时空经济研究”(19FJYB042)。

摘　　要：我国农村客运运输供给难以满足农村居民分散且频繁的出行需求。而美国通过发放凭单协调出行者与志愿者司机为缺乏公共客运服务的偏远地区提供了有效的出行选择。通过分析美国凭单制系统的经验发现凭单制系统在美国成功运营的核心在于明确的主体机构、完善的责任机制与保障机制设计与志愿者司机的高活跃度。分析表明凭单制系统在政府明确农村客运运输中责任的前提下,可以通过责任机制设计与凭单发放,激励志愿者司机与出行者,达到混合主体灵活供给并通过转移支付提升农村居民出行福利的效果。最后得到结论:在有政府参与、社会组织提供活力的前提下,凭单制可以通过机制设计与保障措施的完善在我国农村客运实践中发挥生命力。China’s supply of rural passenger transport is unable to meet the scattered and frequent travel demand of rural residents.By issuing vouchers to coordinate travelers and volunteer drivers,the United States has provided an effective travel option in remote areas that lack public passenger service.By analyzing the experience of the voucher system in the United States,it is found that the core of the successful operation of voucher system lies in the clear subject,the complete liability and guarantee mechanism and the high activity of the volunteer drivers.The analysis shows that as long as the government clarifies its responsibilities in rural passenger transport,the voucher system can motivate volunteer drivers and passengers to achieve flexible supply through liability mechanism and voucher issuance and improve the rural residents travel welfare through transfer payment.Finally,the conclusion is drawn.With the participation of the government and social organizations,the voucher system can play its due part in the rural passenger transport in China through mechanism design and complete guarantee measures.

关 键 词：凭单制 农村客运服务 农村客运运输供给 

分 类 号：F543[经济管理—产业经济]