市民公共活动空间冬季小气候及热舒适研究--以首义广场为例  

Microclimate and Thermal Comfort of Public Activity Space in Winter:Taking Shouyi Square as an Example

作　　者：李雪飞 李鹍[1] Li Xuefei;Li Kun

机构地区：[1]武汉大学城市设计学院

出　　处：《华中建筑》2021年第7期55-60,共6页Huazhong Architecture

基　　金：国家科技基础性工作专项“典型城市人居环境质量综合调查与城市气候环境图集编制”(编号:2013F Y11250);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“夏热冬冷地区基于热环境改善的社区生态用地作用范围量化模型研究”(编号:51208389)资助。

摘　　要：该文针对具有历史文化特色的城市公共活动空间的城市广场采用实地仪器测量和现场调查问卷的方法,对其冬季的室外热环境特点和使用情况进行调查分析。研究发现,首义广场作为具有纪念意义的城市开放空间,广场东西两侧共有18个出入口与两边社区相连,具有很好的可达性,但是在广场上活动的人数较少,广场整体使用率较低。受访者对首义广场的主要热感觉评价为“比较冷”,主要热舒适度评价为“稍不舒适”。受访者认为首义广场感到冷的主要原因是“风很大”、“湿度大”和“气温低”,首义广场在热适应性设计方面需要改进。可以通过在广场北侧种植常绿乔木和灌木形成“挡风墙”、充分利用场地内下沉空间等形成避风活动场所,广场内避免喷泉、跌水等水景观,尽量保证活动场所位于建筑或者常绿乔木的南侧。Aiming at urban squares with historical and cultural characteristics of urban public event spaces,using field instrument measurements and on-site questionnaires,we investigate and analyze the outdoor thermal environment characteristics and usage in winter.The study found that as a monumental urban open space,Shouyi Square has 18 entrances and exits on the east and west sides of the square,which are connected with the communities on both sides and have good accessibility.However,the number of people who participate in activities on the square is less,and the overall utilization rate of the square is low.Respondents rated the main thermal sensation of Shouyi Square as"relatively cold"and the main thermal comfort as"slightly uncomfortable".Respondents cited"strong wind","high humidity"and"low temperature"as the main reasons for feeling cold in Shouyi Square,which needs to be improved in terms of thermal adaptive design.By planting evergreen trees and shrubs on the north side of the square to form a"windshield wall"and making full use of the sunken space in the site to form a sheltered activity area,fountains,falling water and other water landscape should be avoided in the square,and the activity area should be located on the south side of the building or evergreen trees as far as possible.

关 键 词：公共活动空间 冬季 城市广场 热适应性 

分 类 号：TU984.182[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]