联动萃取分离流程设计理论的建立及其运用  

Construction and Application of Design Theory for Hyperlink Extraction Separation Process

作　　者：程福祥 吴声[1,2] 廖春生 严纯华[2] Cheng Fuxiang;Wu Sheng;Liao Chunsheng;Yan Chunhua(China Minmetals(Beijing)Research Institute of RE Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100085,China;College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,Peking University,State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]五矿(北京)稀土研究院有限公司,北京100085 [2]北京大学化学与分子工程学院,稀土材料化学及应用国家重点实验室,北京分子科学中心,北京100871

出　　处：《中国稀土学报》2021年第3期490-503,共14页Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2019YFC0605005)资助。

摘　　要：稀土是对于现代工业发展至关重要的一组元素,全球对稀土产品的需求量仍在持续增长。然而,稀土的萃取分离生产过程始终伴随环境污染问题,降低酸碱消耗始终是稀土萃取分离理论与技术研究的追求目标。在串级萃取理论的指导下,稀土萃取分离工艺流程的运行经济性不断提升。尤其是2000年后联动萃取分离工艺的出现,使得稀土萃取分离流程的酸碱消耗水平显著降低。联动萃取工艺在逐步成为中国稀土分离工业基本技术的同时,也极大促进了串级萃取理论的发展。近年,以邻级杂质比概念的提出和分析为基础建立了联动萃取分离流程设计理论,其中推导得到的系列理论公式可用于设计具有理论最小萃取量和最小洗涤量的多组份联动萃取全分离流程,无需通过动态模拟和静态计算即可实现。该理论方法也可用于非联动萃取流程优化工艺参数的计算。另外,理论公式推导和运用的同时也增进了对稀土萃取分离过程物料运行规律的理解。Rare earths(RE) are essential ingredients for the development of modern industry, and consequently the world wide demand of RE is still rising annually. However, the RE production by extraction separation is always accompanied with environmental pollutions, and therefore it is the fixed target of development of RE extraction separation theory and technology to reduce the consumption of acid and base as low as possible. Thanks to the theory of countercurrent extraction, the processes with better economy were proposed. Especially hyperlink extraction process which can significantly decrease consumptions of RE extraction separation was applied after 2000 and popularly at the present. Hyperlink process, meanwhile, causes great development of the theory of countercurrent extraction. In recent years, based on the introduction and discussion of adjacent stage impurity rate, the theory of hyperlink extraction separation design was founded, in which a series of equations can be used to directly design multi-component extraction separation flow sheets with minimum amounts of extracting solvent and scrubbing agent solution in need of no dynamic simulation or static design. The theory is also available for the parameter design of non-hyperlink flowsheet. In addition, deductions and applications of the equations are beneficial to the under standing of component flowing rule in the extraction separation processes.

关 键 词：串级萃取理论 稀土萃取分离 联动萃取流程设计理论 最小萃取量 

分 类 号：O614.33[理学—无机化学]