贸易平衡与关税对等:中美经贸之辨  

On the Balance and Reciprocity of Trade between China and the U.S.

作　　者：马弘[1] 秦若冰 MA Hong;QIN Ruobing

机构地区：[1]清华大学经济管理学院,北京100084 [2]对外经济贸易大学中国世界贸易组织研究院,北京100029

出　　处：《国际商务研究》2021年第4期30-46,共17页International Business Research

摘　　要：中美贸易不平衡和关税不对等是中美经贸摩擦的两个焦点问题。本文从货物贸易、服务贸易、FDI在地销售、增加值贸易统计以及投资收益差额等多个维度对中美贸易不平衡问题重新进行总结梳理,并对中美双边关税格局进行分析。结果表明:综合考虑货物贸易、服务贸易以及FDI在地销售之后,中美贸易不存在严重的不平衡;以增加值衡量的中美货物贸易顺差降低43%,而以中国为出口平台的东亚经济体(中国大陆、日本、韩国、中国香港)对美出口占美国总进口比例近30年稳定在25%~30%;美国在华投资收益远超中国在美投资收益;中美两国基本实现了关税对等。Trade imbalance and tariff reciprocity have been major concerns in trade frictions between China and the United States.In this paper,we try to measure the true figures of bilateral trade deficit and tariff discrepancy between the two countries from different aspects.The results of this study show that:(1)after comprehensive consideration of merchandise trade,services trade and affiliate sales,there is no significant imbalance between the US-China trade;(2)the US merchandise trade deficit with China has shrunk by 43%when it comes to value-added terms in 2017,and the share of imports from East Asia has remained 25%~30%for the United States in recent 30 years;(3)the United States earns more in bilateral foreign direct investment than that of China;(4)the bilateral tariffs between China and the United States have exhibited reci procity.

关 键 词：中美经贸 贸易平衡 关税对等 

分 类 号：F740[经济管理—国际贸易]