基于稳定同位素技术的阳澄湖鱼类群落营养结构研究  

Analysis of the trophic structure of fish populations in Yangcheng Lake based on stable isotope technology

作　　者：叶学瑶 任泷 匡箴 王媛 徐东坡[1,2] YE Xueyao;REN Long;KUANG Zhen;WANG Yuan;XU Dongpo(Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuxi 214081,China;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部长江下游渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,江苏无锡214081 [2]上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2021年第6期703-714,共12页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：江苏省水生生物资源重大专项(ZYHB16);中国水产科学研究院科技创新团队专项经费项目(2020TD61)。

摘　　要：为探究阳澄湖水域鱼类群落的营养结构特征,于2017年夏季(7月)、秋季(10月)、2018年春季(4月)对该水域进行了渔业资源调查,并利用稳定同位素技术对鱼类群落的碳(δ^(13)C)、氮(δ^(15)N)值特征及其营养结构进行了分析。研究结果显示,阳澄湖水域共采集到鱼类42种,隶属于5目10科33属。鱼类的δ^(13)C、δ^(15)N和营养级均值分别为(–24.85±1.77)‰、(15.34±2.19)‰和3.06±0.64。其中,δ^(15)N值与营养级均存在极显著的鱼类食性和季节性差异(P<0.01),而δ^(13)C值在鱼类食性和季节性上未出现显著差异(P>0.05)。阳澄湖鱼类群落的营养结构存在季节差异,鱼类群落的营养层次(NR)、基础食物来源(CR)、生态位总空间(TA)、群落的整体密度(NND)、聚集均匀程度(SDNND)和核心生态位空间(SEAc)从2017年夏季至秋季再到2018年春季,呈逐渐上升的趋势;表明2018年春季食物源多样性高,营养冗余程度低。本研究初步构建了阳澄湖鱼类连续营养谱,丰富了对阳澄湖鱼类群落营养结构方面的研究,以期为湖泊生态管理和渔业可持续发展提供参考。To investigate the trophic structure characteristics of fish communities in Yangcheng Lake,resource surveys were conducted in summer(July),autumn(October)2017,and spring(April)2018,and the carbon(δ^(13)C)and nitrogen(δ^(15)N)values of fish communities and their trophic structure were analyzed using stable isotope technology.The results of the study showed that 42 species of fishes,belonging to 5 orders,10 families,and 33 genera were collected from the lake.The mean values ofδ^(13)C,δ^(15)N and trophic level of Yangcheng Lake fishes were(-24.85±1.77)‰,(15.34±2.19)‰,and 3.06±0.64,respectively,among whichδ^(15)N and trophic level showed significant differences(P<0.01)in fish feeding and seasonality,whereas the value ofδ^(13)C did not show significant differences(P>0.05).The Layman’s community-wide metrics showed that there were seasonal differences in the trophic structure of fish communities in Yangcheng Lake,wherein the trophic level length,basal food source,total ecological niche space,overall community density,trophic niche distribution range,and core ecological niche space of the fish in spring were greater than those in summer and autumn,with a high diversity of food sources and low degree of trophic redundancy.A gradual upward trend from summer to autumn in 2017 and then to spring 2018 was noted.This study initially constructed a continuous trophic spectrum of fish in Yangcheng Lake,enriching the study of the Yangcheng Lake ecosystem in terms of fish community trophic structure,with the aim of providing a reference for lake ecological management and sustainable fishery development.

关 键 词：稳定同位素技术 营养级 Layman群落指标 阳澄湖 大水面 生态渔业 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]