丹江口水库浮游植物群落时空特征及其鱼产力评估  

Spatio-temporal characteristics of the phytoplankton community and assessment of fish productivity in the Danjiangkou Reservoir,the water source for the South-to-North Water Diversion Project,China

作　　者：熊满堂 王普泽 叶少文[1] 虞功亮[2] 苑晶[1] 刘家寿[1] 张堂林[1] XIONG Mantang;WANG Puze;YE Shaowen;YU Gongliang;YUAN Jing;LIU Jiashou;ZHANG Tanglin(State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;Key Laboratory of Algal Biology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所,淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [2]中国科学院水生生物研究所,中国科学院藻类生物学重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2021年第6期715-727,共13页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0900601);国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD13B02);淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室自主研究项目(2019FBZ02)。

摘　　要：为了解丹江口水库在完成高位水蓄水期间浮游植物群落的时空动态特征,于2017年5月、8月、11月对丹江口水库浮游植物的种类组成、密度、生物量及生物多样性指数进行了调查分析,并对其鱼产力进行了评估。结果表明,丹江口水库共记录浮游植物7门114种属(包含变种),以绿藻门种类最多(65种);浮游植物的平均密度为7.71×10^(6)ind/L,平均生物量为3.37 mg/L;绿藻、蓝藻及隐藻门藻类密度合计占比达86.31%,且均超过硅藻门藻类(占比13.50%);浮游植物的Margalef丰富度指数(D_(m))和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′_(N))都主要分布在1~2之间,Pielou均匀度指数(J′_(N))主要介于0.4~0.7之间,平均值依次为1.35、1.78、0.58;据估算,浮游植物所能提供的鱼产力为101.1 kg/hm^(2)。相似性分析(ANOSIM)、多元置换方差分析(PERMANOVA)及相似性百分比分析(SIMPER)表明,库区浮游植物群落结构存在显著的季节差异,且基本都是由优势种丰度的变化引起的;空间上差异不显著,不同库区间具有一定的同质化趋势。对比以往的研究发现,目前丹江口水库库区藻类密度与生物量有所增加;硅藻占比明显下降,蓝藻门、绿藻门藻类已成为库区主要种类;多样性指数处于较低水平,群落结构较为简单,稳定性不高。本研究结果为丹江口水库生态系统结构与功能优化及健康管理提供了重要的依据。In order to understand the dynamic spatio-temporal characteristics of the phytoplankton community in the Danjiangkou Reservoir during high-level water storage,the species composition,density,biomass,and biodiversity of phytoplankton in the Danjiangkou Reservoir were investigated and analyzed during May,August and November,2017,and its fish productivity was evaluated.The results showed that 114 genera(including varieties)of phytoplankton from seven phyla were recorded in the Danjiangkou Reservoir,among which Chlorophyta had the most species with 65.The average density and biomass of phytoplankton were 7.71×10^(6)ind/L and 3.37 mg/L.The total algae density of Chlorophyta,Cyanophyta,and Cryptophyta accounted for 86.31%,and each of them exceeded the density of diatom algae(accounting for 13.50%).The Margalef richness index(D_(m))and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H′_(N))of phytoplankton ranged mainly from 1 to 2,and the Pielou evenness index(J′_(N))of phytoplankton mainly ranged from 0.4 to 0.7,with averages of 1.35,1.78,and 0.58,respectively.The fish productivity of phytoplankton was 101.10 kg/hm^(2).Analysis of Similarities(ANOSIM),Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance(PERMANOVA),and Similarity Percentage Analysis(SIMPER)showed that there were significant seasonal differences in phytoplankton community structure in the reservoir area,which were caused by changes in the abundance of dominant species.There were no significant spatial differences in phytoplankton community composition,with a certain homogenization trend among the different reservoir areas.Compared with previous studies,our results showed that the density and biomass of algae in the reservoir had increased,the proportion of diatoms in the Danjiangkou Reservoir area had dropped obviously,and Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta algae had become the main species in the reservoir area.All phytoplankton biodiversity indexes were at a relatively lower level,which indicates that the phytoplankton community structure is simple and unstable.These resu

关 键 词：丹江口水库 浮游植物 群落结构 鱼产力 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]