基于Ecopath模型的太湖鲢鳙生态容量评估  

Assessment of the ecological carrying capacity of silver and bighead carp in the Taihu Lake based on Ecopath model

作　　者：赵旭昊 徐东坡 任泷[2] 徐跑 ZHAO Xuhao;XU Dongpo;REN Long;XU Pao(National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuxi 214081,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306 [2]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,农业农村部长江下游渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,江苏无锡214081

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2021年第6期785-795,共11页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0900604);中国水产科学研究院科技创新团队专项经费项目(2020TD61)。

摘　　要：鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)和鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)是典型的滤食性鱼类,是实施净水渔业的重要增殖种类,依据增殖种类的生态容量进行科学放流,可保障净水渔业的实施效果。为指导太湖净水渔业的实施,于2017—2018年开展了太湖渔业资源调查,收集相关资料,构建太湖Ecopath模型,估算太湖鲢鳙的生态容量,并研究了太湖鲢鳙的生物量变化对太湖生态系统总体特征的影响。结果显示,当前太湖鲢鳙生物量为10.21 t/km^(2),鲢鳙生物量增长至5.054倍时达到生态容量51.6t/km^(2),表明当前鲢鳙增殖放流规模不足,仍有较大的增殖潜力。达到生态容量时太湖生态系统的总初级生产量/总呼吸量(TPP/TR)从2.548降低至2.230(变化值为0.318);系统杂食性指数(SOI)、系统连接指数(CI)、Finn循环指数(FCI)和Finn平均路径长度(FMPL)等指数变化较小;表明鲢鳙达到生态容量时对生态系统结构影响较小,同时有助于生态系统趋向成熟发展。进一步分析显示,控制刀鲚生物量保持在9.49 t/km^(2)时,鲢鳙生态容量可大幅增长至206.4 t/km^(2),且生态系统发展进一步趋近成熟稳定。Silver and bighead carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Aristichthys nobilis) are typical filter-feeding fish that are important species for the implementation of water purification fishery, and scientific stocking based on the ecological capacity of the proliferating species can ensure the implementation effect of water purification fishery. To ensure the implementation of water purification fishery in the Taihu Lake, we constructed an Ecopath model comprising 16 functional groups. This model was based on the survey data of fishery resources and the ecological environment of the Taihu Lake in 2017–2018. Relevant data was collected using Ecopath with Ecosim 6.6 to estimate the ecological capacity of silver and bighead carp in the Taihu Lake and to investigate the effects of changes in silver and bighead carp biomass on the overall characteristics of the Taihu Lake ecosystem. The results showed that the current biomass of the silver and bighead carp was 10.21 t/km^(2), which increased 5.054 times to reach an ecological capacity of 51.6 t/km^(2). It is showed that there is still great potential for the growth of the silver and bighead carp. Total primary production/total respiration decreased from 2.548 to 2.23(change of 0.318). Connectance index, system omnivory index, Finn’s cycling index, and Finn’s mean path length exhibited fewer changes. Silver and bighead carp exert less impact on the ecosystem structure when they reach the ecological capacity, but nevertheless help the ecosystem to mature. Further analysis shows that when Coilia nasus is controlled at 9.49 t/km^(2), the biomass capacity of the silver and bighead carp could increase to 206.4 t/km^(2), and when the silver and bighead carp reach their ecological capacity, the ecosystem will become more stable.

关 键 词：ECOPATH模型 太湖 生态容量 增殖放流 鲢鳙 大水面 生态渔业 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]