不同牡蛎壳粉添加量对沼渣堆肥有机质降解及氮损失的影响  

Effects of Oyster Shell Powder Additions on Organic Matter Degradation and Nitrogen Loss during Digestate Composting

作　　者：路明艺 师晓爽[1] 冯权 徐琬莹 郭荣波[1] LU Ming-yi;SHI Xiao-shuang;FENG Quan;XU Wan-ying;GUO Rong-bo(Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Qingdao Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Qingdao 266003,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所,青岛266101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]青岛市环境保护科学研究院,青岛266003

出　　处：《中国沼气》2021年第3期13-20,共8页China Biogas

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)课题(XDA21060400);2019年度黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划(GA19B202);2019年度研究所科研创新基金(QIBEBT I201906)。

摘　　要：针对沼渣堆肥过程中存在的,嗜热期短、堆肥周期长、有机质降解率低,以及大量氨挥发造成氮素损失等问题,该研究利用牡蛎壳粉作为沼渣堆肥的添加剂,比较不同牡蛎壳粉添加量在连续高温堆肥情况下,对有机质降解和氮素损失的影响。结果表明,牡蛎壳粉的添加有效改善了堆体孔隙度、含水率和酸碱稳定,提高了微生物的呼吸速率,有机质降解率提高了3.8%29.57%,其中20%牡蛎壳粉添加量最优,降解率为38.75%;牡蛎壳粉的添加可有效吸附NH^(+)_(4)和NH_(3),与对照组相比,10%,15%和20%湿重添加量的氨排放依次减少了25.32%,31.56%,55.69%,以20%牡蛎壳粉添加量效果最佳。牡蛎壳粉的添加可为硝化反应提供更多铵氮底物,转化为NO^(-)_(3),提高了堆肥产品的质量。In order to solve the problems of short thermophilic period,long composting period,low degradation of organic matter and loss of nitrogen caused by ammonia volatilization during digestate composting,the effects of oyster shell powder different addition on organic matter degradation and nitrogen loss were studied by continuous thermophilic composting method.The results showed that the addition of oyster shell powder efficiently improved the porosity,water content and acid-base stability of composting pile,and increased the respiration rate of microorganisms.The degradation rate of organic matter increased by 3.8%~29.57%,and the best degradation rate was 38.75%in the case of 20%oyster shell powder added.The porous structure of oyster shell powder could effectively increase adsorption of NH^(+)_(4) and NH_(3).Compared with the control,the ammonia emission was reduced by 25.32%,31.56%and 55.69%for the samples with 10%,15%and 20%oyster shell powder added,respectively,among which that of 20%was the best.The addition of oyster shell powder could provide more ammonium for nitrification to produce NO^(-)_(3) and improve the quality of compost products.

关 键 词：沼渣 牡蛎壳粉 好氧堆肥 有机质降解 氮素损失 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程] X713[农业科学—农业工程]