中国现代化进程透视下的城乡关系演变  

The Evolution of the Urban-Rural Relationship under the Perspective of the Process of China’s Modernization

作　　者：陈雪娟[1] 胡怀国[2] Chen Xue-juan;Hu Huai-guo(Institute of Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100836;Department of Economics,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102445)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院经济研究所,北京100836 [2]中国社会科学院大学经济学院,北京102445

出　　处：《经济纵横》2021年第5期9-17,共9页Economic Review Journal

基　　金：中国社会科学院经济研究所创新项目“现代化进程中的城乡关系研究”的资助。

摘　　要：城乡关系转型变迁是我国近百年来实现复兴梦想、推进现代化进程的关键问题,而现代化也是理解百年来我国城乡关系在分离与融合间转型嬗变的基本逻辑的重要线索。1949年前,发轫于半殖民地半封建社会背景下的早期现代化被外来入侵者打断,经过抗日战争、解放战争的胜利和新中国成立,为中华民族真正开启独立自主推进现代化进程奠定了制度基础。社会主义革命与建设时期试图通过实施工业化赶超和片面强调重工业发展打造现代化起飞基础,但通过城乡二元分割的制度体系自上而下地支持工业和城市发展,也干扰了城乡兼顾的城乡关系目标。到改革开放和社会主义现代化建设时期,改革开放破除了旧城乡关系赖以存在的制度和体制条件,城乡关系在互促互动中逐步实现统筹兼顾。进入全面建设社会主义现代化的新时代,农业农村的现代化及处理好工农关系、城乡关系被置于现代化进程中非常重要的位置。回顾百年的城乡关系转型嬗变,映射的正是现代化由点到面、从局部先发到城乡整体联动的推进脉络。基于现代化的认识逻辑,城乡关系从分离到融合的演变进程中不平衡、不充分问题的存在有其必然性,但是这些问题也必然伴随进入全面建设社会主义现代化的新时代而得到解决。The transformation of urban-rural relationship is one of the key to realize the Chinese dream of rejuvenation and promote the process of modernization in China in recent 100 years,and modernization is also an important clue to understand the basic logic of the transformation and evolution of China’s urban-rural relationship from separation to integration in the last century. Before 1949,the early modernization of China,which took place in the background of semi-colonial and semi-feudal society was interrupted by foreign invaders. The victory of the Anti-Japanese War and the Liberation War and the founding of new China laid the institutional foundation for the Chinese nation to truly start the process of modernization independently. However,in the period of socialist revolution and construction,the rapid industrialization can only be realized through the strategy of catching up with industrialization and overemphasizing heavy industry,the attempt to support the development of industry and the urban from top to bottom through the system of urban-rural dual division disturbed the balancing goal of urban-rural relationship. In the new period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization,the reform and opening up has broken the system and institutional conditions on which the old urban-rural relationship depends,and the urban-rural relationship has been gradually coordinated in the interaction. In the new era of building socialist modernization in an all-round way,the modernization of agriculture and rural areas and the handling of the relationship between industry and agriculture,urban and rural areas have been placed in a very important position in the process of modernization. Looking back on the transformation and evolution of the urban-rural relationship in the past century,we can see that it is the projection of modernization from one point to whole area,from local first mover to the overall cooperation between urban and rural areas. Based on the epistemological logic of modernization,the imbalance and

关 键 词：建党百年 现代化 城乡关系演变 城乡兼顾 城乡统筹 城乡融合 

分 类 号：F320[经济管理—产业经济]