从梗曾摄阳声韵字读音看官话方言南北差异和互动  

A survey on the differences and dialectal contact between Northern and Southern Mandarin dialects:On the sound change of words with nasal endings in the geng(梗)and zeng(曾)rhyme groups

作　　者：熊燕[1] XIONG Yan

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院

出　　处：《中国语文》2021年第3期338-348,383,384,共13页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金年度项目“官话方言音韵特征及其扩散研究”(项目编号19BYY052)的成果之一。

摘　　要：本文考察官话方言里梗曾摄阳声韵四个声组字的读音差异,拟测音变,根据文献确定音变时间,并结合现象的地理分布,推测音变的互动情况。梗曾摄合口牙喉音字、开口一二等唇音字北系官话在元代已并入东钟韵,但该音变很可能在明末才扩散至淮河以南官话,而南系官话大多另有并入深臻摄的音变;梗摄开口二等牙喉音字北系官话在元代已并入三四等,但该音变在南系官话仅限于"莺幸"等字,而"更坑"等字的洪音读法则影响了北系官话。This article examines the pronunciation of words with nasal endings in the geng(梗)and zeng(曾)rhyme groups in Mandarin dialects,speculates their paths of diachronic sound change,and offers presumptions on when such sound changes might have occurred in history.Based on the geographic distribution of these sound changes,historical interaction between Northern and Southern Mandarin dialects is also investigated.The results indicate that,in Northern Mandarin dialects,rounded words with velars and laryngeals as well as unrounded words with labials(I and II divisions)in the geng and zeng groups had already merged into the dong(东)and zhong(钟)rhyme groups during the Yuan dynasty.However,in Southern Mandarin dialects,this sound change might have not occurred before the end of the Ming dynasty.The words were often combined with the shen(深)and zhen(臻)groups instead.Besides,during the Yuan dynasty,unrounded words with velars and laryngeals in the geng rhyme group were split from the second division and merged into the third and fourth divisions in Northern Mandarin dialects.Such a sound change was restricted to a limited number of words in Southern Mandarin dialects.The resistance of this sound change in the south also affected the pronunciation of words like geng(更)and keng(坑)in Northern Mandarin dialects.

关 键 词：南系官话 北系官话 同言线 周圈分布 互动 

分 类 号：H17[语言文字—汉语]