船舶舱室环境控制系统制冷空调技术应用现状  

Application status of refrigeration and air-conditioning technology in marine cabin environment control system

作　　者：常烜宇 魏小栋 CHANG Xuanyu;WEI Xiaodong(Marine Design&Research Institute of China,Shanghai 200011,China)

机构地区：[1]中国船舶及海洋工程设计研究院,上海200011

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第6期1924-1933,共10页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

摘　　要：船舶舱室环境控制系统为船舶上人员的舒适安全和船载设备的稳定运行提供环境保障,其中制冷空调技术在提升舱室空气环境质量和船舶食品冷藏保鲜领域发挥了重要作用。目前,船舶舱室环境控制系统中的制冷空调技术发展呈现多元化和复杂化态势,为了研究船舶舱室环境控制系统制冷空调技术现状,并探究其发展方向,本文首先归纳了船舶航行的环境特点、热湿负荷特性和制冷空调系统功能要求;其次,梳理了现有船舶制冷空调设备的热力学原理,并分析了各自特点,阐述了除湿技术、热泵技术、蓄冷技术、控制技术和舒适送风技术等制冷空调技术在船舶上的适用性及应用发展现状,并对比了每项技术在船舶上应用的优缺点,基于船舶的特点,分析了多项技术在船上应用的制约因素;最后,结合船舶航行运维特点,从节能性、舒适性和环保性角度展望了未来船舶制冷空调技术发展前景。概括地说,可通过系统改进和部件性能提升的方法提高船舶制冷空调系统能源利用效率,可在油船上使用太阳能吸附式制冷系统;可利用热管等能量回收装置及温湿度独立控制的方法改善船舶舱室环境的舒适性;寻求传统船舶制冷剂的替代物并开发船舶制冷剂回收利用装置。The ship cabin environment control system provided proper environment for safety of the personnel and stable operation of the equipment on board.Refrigeration and air-conditioning system played an important role in improving cabin atmospheric environment quality and the refrigeration and freshness preservation of food on board.At present,the development of refrigeration and air conditioning technology in ship cabin environmental control system shows a diversified and complicated trend.The purpose of the paper was to study the current situation of refrigeration and air conditioning technology of ship cabin environmental control system and explore its future development direction.Firstly,environmental characteristics,heat and humidity load characteristics and functional requirements of ship navigation were summarized.Secondly,the thermodynamic principles of the existing marine refrigeration and air conditioning equipment were combed,and their respective characteristics were analyzed.The application and development status of dehumidification technology,heat pump technology,cold storage technology,control technology,comfortable air supply technology and other refrigeration and air conditioning technology in ships were expounded,and advantages and disadvantages of each technology were compared.Based on the ship characteristics,the restrictive factors for the application of multiple technologies on ships were analyzed.Finally,considering characteristics of ship navigation operation and maintenance,the development prospect of ship refrigeration and air conditioning technology in the future was forecasted from the perspectives of energy saving,environmental protection and humanization.In general,it can be summarized as follows.The energy utilization efficiency of the ship's refrigeration and air-conditioning system can be improved through system improvement and component performance improvement.Solar adsorption refrigeration systems can be used on oil tankers.Energy recovery devices such as heat pipes and temperature and

关 键 词：环控系统 制冷空调技术 船舶应用 

分 类 号：U661.39.X50[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]