错误信息持续影响效应研究的回顾与展望  

The Continued Influence Effect of Misinformation Research:Review and Prospect

作　　者：贾丽娜 魏士琳[1,2,3] 阴晓娟 金花 JIA Li-na;WEI Shi-lin;YIN Xiao-juan;JIN Hua(Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education,Academy of Psychology and Behavior,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China;Faculty of Psychology,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China;Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students Mental Development and Learning,Tianjin 300387,China)

机构地区：[1]教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地天津师范大学心理与行为研究院,天津300387 [2]天津师范大学心理学部,天津300387 [3]学生心理发展与学习天津市高校社会科学实验室,天津300387

出　　处：《应用心理学》2021年第2期120-132,共13页Chinese Journal of Applied Psychology

基　　金：天津市哲学社会科学规划委托项目(TJQYWT2004-52)。

摘　　要：错误信息更正后,仍会持续影响人们随后的认知。对这一现象的研究有利于降低负面影响及形成准确判断力。持续影响效应受信息形式、重复、载体和来源的影响,同时与个体动机、自信和认知能力有关。在更正效果上,重复更正、提供替代解释及提醒均可有效降低持续影响效应。记忆双加工、心理模型及知识修正理论试图对其发生机制进行解释,且均强调了更正失败或不充分可能是其主要原因。未来应关注神经机制、更正间隔及信息类型的问题。Misinformation can affect people's cognition after it has been corrected.It is important to study the continued influence effect of misinformation in order to reduce the negative impact of misinformation and form more accurate judgments.The continued influence effect of misinformation is affected by information form,repetition,carrier and source,and also by the motivation,confidence level and cognitive ability of individuals.In terms of correction effects,repeated retractions,providing an alternative narrative and reminders can reduce the negative impact of the continued influence effect.The mechanism of the continued influence effect is explained by dual-process theories of memory,mental models and knowledge revision,and they all stressed that failure or inadequacy of processing corrections could be the reason.Further study should focus on the neural mechanism,correction timing and type of information.

关 键 词：错误信息 持续影响效应 更正方式 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学]