从“自由移居”到“限制—融合”——试析英国威尔逊政府移民政策的形成  

From“Free Migration”to“Restriction-Integration”:An Analysis of the Formation of the British Immigration Policy of the Wilson Government

作　　者：于明波 YU Ming-bo(School of Social Science,Soochow University,Suzhou,Jiangsu,215123,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学社会学院,江苏苏州215123

出　　处：《史学集刊》2021年第4期102-113,共12页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“战后英国工党移民政策的形成与调整研究(1964-1979)”(19CSS016)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在二战结束后的英国,移民问题因英联邦移民数量的不断增加而成为日趋严重的社会问题。从1964年起,威尔逊政府逐步转变理念,推出了“限制—融合”移民政策。它主要由“移民限制”与“移民融合”两部分构成。在其制定过程中,围绕限制移民政策、种族关系立法及其相关机制等问题的合法性与可行性等问题,各方展开了激烈争论。《1965年种族关系法》与1965年《移民白皮书》的发布标志着威尔逊政府“限制—融合”移民政策的形成,并影响至今。作为在移民问题上“共识政治”的重要表现,“限制—融合”移民政策维护了移民的基本权利,推动了英国种族关系的整合,促进了社会秩序的稳定,并为日后国家移民政策的进一步改革提供了平台。In the post-war British,the immigration problem became one of the serious social problems due to the increasing number of immigrants from the Commonwealth.Since 1964,the Wilson government has gradually changed its philosophy and introduced a“restriction-integration”immigration policy.It is mainly composed of two parts:“immigration restriction”and“immigration integration”.In the process of its formulation,various parties engaged in fierce debates on issues such as the legitimacy and feasibility of immigration restrictions,race relations legislation and related mechanisms.The promulgation of the“Race Relations Act 1965”and the“Immigration White Paper”of 1965 marked the formation of the Wilson government s“restriction and integration”immigration policy,which has been influential till today.As an important manifestation of“consensus politics”on immigration issues,it safeguards the basic rights of immigrants,improves the integration of British race relations,promotes the stability of social order,and becomes a platform for the country s immigration policy reform in the future.

关 键 词：英国 威尔逊政府 “限制—融合”移民政策 《1965年种族关系法》 “移民白皮书” 

分 类 号：D756.1[政治法律—政治学]