基于局部峰值约束的快速正交匹配追踪地震数据分解方法  

Fast orthogonal matching pursuit seismic data decomposition method based on local peak constraint

作　　者：杜泽源 杨森 陶永慧 蔡杰雄[1] 何兵红 DU Zeyuan;YANG Sen;TAO Yonghui;CAI Jiexiong;HE Binghong(INOPEC Geophysical Research Institute, Nanjing 211103, China;School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum(East China), Qingdao 266580, China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油化工股份有限公司石油物探技术研究院,南京211103 [2]中国石油大学(华东)地球科学与技术学院,青岛266580

出　　处：《物探化探计算技术》2021年第4期420-428,共9页Computing Techniques For Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2019M662004);国家重点研发计划(2017YFB0202904);国家自然科学基金企业创新发展联合基金(U19B6003)。

摘　　要：地震信号稀疏分解在地震数据处理中起着重要作用,可以获取地震资料中蕴含的各种有用信息。正交匹配追踪算法能够较好地实现地震数据自适应分解与重构。正交匹配追踪的目标是选取与信号最匹配的子波,然而在通过内积实现时往往只着重全局尺度上的相似性,并不能保证子波与信号具有相同的位置及振幅。这里采用局部峰值约束的方法来解决这一问题,构建峰值距离的目标泛函,通过快速扫描算法进行高效地求解计算。模型测试结果表明,该方法可以高效实现地震数据的高精度分解与重构,实际资料处理结果显示,本文方法分解后数据波组特征合理,符合地质规律,可以得到精度较高的多尺度数据。Seismic signal sparse decomposition plays an important role in seismic data processing,which can obtain various useful information contained in seismic data.The orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm can be used to realize the adaptive decomposition and reconstruction of seismic data.The goal of orthogonal matching pursuit is to select the wavelet which best matches the signal residual.However,only the similarity on the global scale is often emphasized when inner product is used.This can not guarantee that the wavelet and residual have the same position and amplitude.In this paper,the local peak constraint method is used to solve this problem.An objective function of peak distance is constructed,and the fast scanning algorithm is used to solve the problem efficiently.The model tested results show that this method can efficiently realize the high-precision decomposition and reconstruction of seismic data.The actual data processing results show that the wave characteristics of the decomposed data are reasonable and conform to the geological law,and the multi-scale data with high precision can be obtained.

关 键 词：快速正交匹配追踪 地震数据分解 局部峰值约束 时频分析 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]