从官品到俸秩:关于唐五代县之等第的考察  

From Official Rank to Salary Rank:An Investigation on County Tiers in the Tang and Five Dynasties

作　　者：罗凯[1] Luo Kai(School of History and Culture,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610207,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学历史文化学院,四川成都610207

出　　处：《历史地理研究》2021年第2期42-56,158,共16页The Chinese Historical Geography

摘　　要：唐代县的等第,以户口、官品、俸秩、迁转次序等不同的标准看,有四等、五等、六等、七等、八等、十等诸说。从历时性而言,县等是不断增多的,由前期的六等逐渐发展到后期的十等,只是天宝时曾一度事实上取消下县,稍显波折。而望、紧、次赤、次畿县的出现,均与户口多寡无直接关系,更多地体现出“资地美恶”的特征。其中“次赤县”的问题尤其复杂,因其牵涉“赤县”的广义和狭义问题,综合分析,次赤县制度在传世文献中出现,不晚于唐德宗初年,很可能最迟代宗初期已经产生。而代宗末年至德宗前期形成的俸秩,对唐后期乃至五代的县之等第,也有新的影响。五代皆以户口多少定县的等第,只是不同王朝有不同的标准,繁简不一。通观唐五代县之等第,总体上呈现出从官品本位到以俸秩为准的演变路径。Counties in Tang Dynasty were assigned into four,five,six,seven,eight,ten,etc.tiers according to household registration,official rank,salary rank,transfer order and other different standards.From a diachronic point of view,the county tiers were constantly increasing from six tiers in the early stage to ten tiers in the later stage.One exception was during the Tianbao years,the lowest tier of counties was cancelled.However,the designations of Wang(望),Jin(紧),Ci Chi(次赤)and Ci Ji(次畿)counties had no direct relationship with the number of registered permanent residents,but rather reflected more if the county was fertile or barren.Among them,the problem of Ci Chi county was particularly complicated,because it can be interpreted in both broad and narrow senses.However,a comprehensive analysis shows that the system of Ci Chi county had already appeared in the early years of Daizong Period at the latest.The salary rank formed from the late Daizong Period to the early Dezong Period had a new impact on the county tiers in the late Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties.In Five Dynasties,the county tier was determined by the number of registered households,although different dynasties had different standards,either complicated or simple.In summary,in the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties,the criteria for county tiers changed from official rank to salary rank.

关 键 词：唐五代 等第 中下县 次赤县 俸秩 

分 类 号：K928[历史地理—人文地理学]