尿素醇解法制备甘油碳酸酯催化剂的研究进展  

Research Progress of Catalysts for Preparation of Glycerol Carbonate by Urea Alcoholysis

作　　者：王凯 冯东[1] 赵文波[1] WANG Kai;FENG Dong(ZHAO Wenbo Faculty of Chemical Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学化学工程学院,昆明650500

出　　处：《材料导报》2021年第S01期541-547,共7页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21666011)。

摘　　要：甘油碳酸酯(Glycerol carbonate,GC)是一种重要的化工新型材料,在气体分离膜、聚氨酯泡沫、油漆涂料和洗涤剂等方面应用广泛。利用甘油和尿素两种廉价易得的原料来制备GC,不仅可以有效解决生物柴油生产过程中大量甘油副产物难处置的问题,同时产生的氨气可与CO_(2)反应生产尿素,有效实现二氧化碳的化学固定,是一种绿色经济且环境友好的反应工艺。本文对尿素醇解法制备GC的催化剂进行了系统综述,将涉及到的催化剂进行了归纳,如锌基催化剂、镁基催化剂、钨基催化剂、功能化离子液体催化剂和其他催化剂,并着重对这几类催化剂的制备方法、催化效率和相应的反应机理进行了总结,以期为新型高效催化剂的制备提供参考。最后,对尿素醇解工艺的发展及新型催化剂的制备提出了展望。Glycerol carbonate(GC)is an important new chemical material.It is widely used in gas separation membrane,polyurethane foam,paint,detergent,etc.Using the cheap glycerol and urea as raw materials to prepare GC can effectively solve the touchy by-products of biodiesel.Besides that,the ammonia produced by the reaction can be also used to produce urea with CO_(2),and can effectively realize the chemical fixation of CO_(2),which is a green,economical and environmental friendly reaction process.In this paper,the catalysts for the preparation of glycerol carbonate by alcoholysis of urea was reviewed systematically.The relevant catalysts were summarized into zinc based catalysts,magnesium based catalysts,tungsten based catalysts,functionalized ionic liquid catalysts and other catalysts.In addition,the preparation methods,catalytic efficiency and corresponding reaction mechanism were summarized.Hoping to provide references for the researchers toward preparing some novel and high efficient catalysts.Finally,the development of urea alcoholysis process and the preparation of new catalysts were prospected.

关 键 词：碳酸甘油酯 甘油 尿素 二氧化碳 催化剂 

分 类 号：TQ225.52[化学工程—有机化工]