酚醛气凝胶多功能复合材料的设计与性能  

Design and Properties of Multifunctional Phenolic Aerogel Composites

作　　者：王瑞杰[1] 郭建业 宋寒[1] 郭慧[1] 李文静[1] WANG Ruijie;GUO Jianye;SONG Han;GUO Hui;LI Wenjing(Research Institute of Aerospace Special Materials and Technology,Beijing 100074,China)

机构地区：[1]航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所,北京100074

出　　处：《材料导报》2021年第S01期548-551,共4页Materials Reports

摘　　要：为解决单一结构体系的隔热材料在实际应用中存在重量、烧蚀和隔热问题,本文选择三种耐温点不同的柔性纤维织物进行功能梯度的热防护结构设计,采用2.5D针刺编织等工艺制备出非均匀密度的功能梯度纤维增强体,通过对酚醛树脂改性、溶胶-凝胶工艺浸渍纤维增强体、超临界干燥、后处理等过程制备出纤维增强酚醛气凝胶多功能复合材料,完成了产品的力、热等性能测试,重点分析了材料的烧蚀性能。结果表明,这种非均匀密度的多功能酚醛气凝胶复合材料具有质轻、导热系数小、集烧蚀/隔热于一体等特点,进一步验证了酚醛气凝胶复合材料多功能方案应用的可行性。In order to solve the problem of weight,ablation and heat insulation of single structure about insulation material in practical application,in this paper,select three kinds of flexible fiber fabrics with different temperature resistance points to design the functional gradient thermal protection,by using the 2.5D needle-punching processes prepare functionally gradient fiber reinforcements,which has non-uniform density.The multifunctional phenolic aerogel composites has been prepared,this preparation process includes the following key steps:modifying the phenolic re-sin,impregnating the fiber reinforcement in the solgel process,supercritical drying,optimizing the molding process parameters and so on.Completed the performance tests of the product,such as the force and the teat,and focusing on the ablation performance of the material.The tests showed this composite material has the characteristics of light weight,low thermal conductivity,and ablation/heat insulation and so on.It was further verified the application feasibility of phenolic aerogel composites with gradient functional.

关 键 词：酚醛气凝胶 复合材料 功能梯度 非均匀密度 热防护 

分 类 号：TB115.28[理学—数学]