带状旋耕式小麦免耕播种机耕作部件作业机理研究  

Research of the tillage mechanism for wheat rotary strip-till planter

作　　者：杨艳山 丁启朔 贺亭峰 孙翠华[1] 王锋[1] Yang Yanshan;Ding Qishuo;He Tingfeng;Sun Cuihua;Wang Feng(Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture,Suzhou,215000,China;College of Engineering,Nanjing Agricultural University,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment,Nanjing,210031,China;Shanxi Institute of Organic Dryland Farming,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan,030031,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州农业职业技术学院,江苏苏州215000 [2]南京农业大学工学院/江苏省智能化农业装备重点实验室,南京市210031 [3]山西农业大学山西有机旱地农业研究院,太原市030031

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2021年第6期10-16,共7页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：山西省农业科学院博士基金项目(YBSJJ2015);山西省重点研发计划项目(201703D21102—7);江苏省高校“青蓝工程”(智慧农业创新教学团队)资助项目。

摘　　要：为明确带状旋耕式免耕播种机耕作过程中耕作机具与土壤间的相互作用机理,利用离散元仿真软件从微观层面对典型的且已广泛应用的IT225型旋耕刀、直刃旋耕刀和凿型旋耕刀进行仿真,研究发现旋耕刀具的抛土特性是影响土壤回填效果的关键因素。田间试验表明,土壤破碎体的回填率随刀轴转速的增加而下降。IT225型旋耕刀在高刀轴转速(>280 r/min)下侧向抛土现象最为明显,在超高刀轴转速(510 r/min)时创造的土壤侧抛率最高,达到了92%,因此产生回填效果最差,回填率仅为8%,无法满足播种时种—土接触的需要。凿型旋耕刀耕作过程中可以勾带起部分土壤破碎体向机具前进方向抛洒,在刀轴转速为510 r/min时土壤侧抛率为85%,能够产生接近36%的土壤回填效果。直刃旋耕刀的侧向抛土集中在刀轴两侧10 cm范围内,在刀轴转速为510 r/min时侧抛率只有70%,回填率高达60%显著高于其他两种刀具。鉴于土壤回填效果对种—土接触的重要性,直刃旋耕刀耕作过程中具有土壤扰动范围小、土壤破碎体侧抛率低、回填效果好等优点,本文推荐直刃旋耕刀作为带状旋耕播种机的耕作部件。To understand the interaction mechanism between tillage tools and soil in the process of strip rotary seeder,discrete element simulation software was used to simulate the typical IT225 blade,straight blade rotary blade,and chisel blade from the micro-level.It was found that the throwing soil characteristics of rotary tiller were the key factors affecting the soil backfill effect.Field tests show that the backfill rate of broken soil bodies decreases with the increase of blade shaft speed.The results show that the lateral throwing soil phenomenon of IT225 is most apparent under the high blade shaft speed,and the soil effect is the worst at the ultra-high blade shaft speed(>280 r/min),and the side throwing rate of soil created at super-high cutter shaft speed(510 r/min)is the highest,reaching 92%,so the backfilling effect is the worst,and the backfilling rate is only 8%,which cannot meet the requirements of seed-soil contact during sowing.In the tillage process,the chisel-type rotary blade can pick up part of the soil fragments and throw them in the forward direction of the machine.When the rotation speed of the blade shaft is 510 r/min,the soil side throwing rate is 85%,which can produce nearly 36%of the soil backfill effect.When the rotation speed is 510 r/min,the side throwing rate is only 70%,and the backfill rate is as high as 60%,which is significantly higher than the other two kinds of blades.Because of the importance of soil backfill effect on seed-soil contact,the straight blade rotary tiller has the advantages of small soil disturbance range,low side throwing rate of soil debris,good backfill effect,etc.In the cultivation process,the straight blade rotary tiller is recommended as the cultivation part over the belt rotary tiller seeder.

关 键 词：带状耕作 播种机 离散元 耕作部件 旋耕刀 回填率 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]