农机农艺融合的日光温室番茄栽培模式试验研究  

Experimental study on tomato cultivation mode in solar greenhouse based on integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy

作　　者：李治国[1] 闫子双[1] 杨立国[1] 李传友[1] 李宗煦 刘晓明[1] Li Zhiguo;Yan Zishuang;Yang Liguo;Li Chuanyou;Li Zongxu;Liu Xiaoming(Beijing Agricultural Machinery Experiment Appraisal Popularize Station,Beijing,100079,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农业机械试验鉴定推广站,北京市100079

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2021年第6期55-59,共5页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：北京市农业农村局农业科技项目(20190123)。

摘　　要：针对日光温室番茄生产通常采用南北垄向、宽垄窄沟的栽培模式,不利于机械化作业及管理效率低的问题,以东西垄向能够实现机械化作业为前提,在一栋日光温室内进行南北垄向和东西垄向番茄栽培对比试验,试验共设计4种栽培模式,其中东西向机械化作业的3种,南北向人工作业对比的1种,试验内容包括番茄植株生长、产量、品质三方面指标。试验结果表明:在密度约为4.08万株/hm 2时,南北垄向种植的番茄长势优于东西垄向种植的番茄,但在产量和品质方面变化不大,均无显著差异;东西垄向种植中,在密度约为3.6万~4.8万株/hm 2的范围内,可以采用中型机具进行机械化耕整地、移栽等作业。综合考虑番茄商品度和品质的差异,确定最佳的株距是35 cm。即在北京地区的日光温室番茄栽培中,采用大行距100 cm,小行距40 cm,株距35 cm的东西向宜机化种植模式,可以进行机械化作业,并可以实现优质和高产。To solve the problem of low efficiency of mechanized operation and management,the cultivation mode of North-South ridge and wide ridge and narrow furrow is usually adopted in the production of tomatoes in the solar greenhouse.Based on the premise that the mechanized operation can be realized in the east-west ridge,a comparative experiment of tomato cultivation in North-South ridge and East-West ridge was carried out in a solar greenhouse.Among them,there are three kinds of East-West mechanized operation and one kind of North-South manual operation.The test content includes three aspects of tomato plant growth,yield,and quality.The results showed that when the density was about 40800 plants/hm 2,the growth of tomato in the North-South ridge was better than the East-West ridge,but the yield and quality had no significant difference.In the East-West ridge,when the planting density is about 36000~48000 plants/hm 2,medium-sized machines can be used for mechanized tillage,soil preparation,transplanting,and other operations.Considering the difference of commodity degree and quality of tomato,the best plant spacing was 35 cm.That is to say,in the solar greenhouse tomato cultivation in Beijing,the East-West mechanized planting mode with large row spacing of 100 cm,small row spacing of 40 cm,and plant spacing of 35 cm are adopted,which can carry out the mechanized operation and achieve high quality and high yield.

关 键 词：日光温室 番茄 宜机化 栽培模式 农机农艺融合 

分 类 号：S316[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S233.2[农业科学—农艺学]