有机肥与磷肥配施对旱地甘蓝型冬油菜根系生长·产量及品质的影响  

The Effect of Organic Fertilizer and Phosphate Fertilizer on the Root Growth and Yield and Quality of Brassica napus in the Dryland

作　　者：张建学[1] 杨志奇[1] 雷建明 王芙蓉 张亚宏[1] 范提平[1] ZHANG Jian-xue;YANG Zhi-qi;LEI Jian-ming(Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Tianshui,Tianshui,Gansu 741001)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省天水市农业科学研究所,甘肃天水741001

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2021年第13期165-168,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41661072)。

摘　　要：采用裂区试验设计,研究有机肥和磷肥配施对北方旱地甘蓝型冬油菜苗期叶片、根系生长、产量和品质的影响。试验设主处理为不施有机肥(M0)和施有机肥处理(M),副处理4个磷肥施用量(P 2O 5)分别为0、75、150、225 kg/hm^(2)。结果表明,适当的有机肥和磷肥配施可促进冬油菜的生长,改善经济性状,增加产量,有机肥和磷肥配施效果明显,在MP 2O 5150处理时效果最佳,叶片数、叶干重、主根长、主根颈直径、根干重分别比对照处理M_(0)P_(2)O_(5)0增加了6.00片、7.44 g、19.56 cm、0.75 cm和1.91 g;株高、主花序有效角果数、单株有效角果数、角粒数和单株产量分别比对照处理M_(0)P_(2)O_(5)0增幅46.91%、18.19%、28.73%、9.63%和72.22%,产量为3613.11 kg/hm^(2),较对照增收1257.15 kg/hm^(2),增幅53.36%,增产差异非常显著。施用有机肥对旱地冬油菜籽粒品质影响不明显,但施磷肥可提高含油量和芥酸含量,降低硫甙、蛋白质和油酸的含量,MP 2O 5150处理时含油量最高为45.36%,比对照处理高2.59%,芥酸含量为36.36%,比对照处理高2.1%,硫甙含量99.13 kg/hm^(2),蛋白质含量21.88%。The effects of organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer on the leaves,roots,yield and quality of Brassica napus in dryland were studied by using the split plot experiment.In the experiment,the main treatment was non organic fertilizer application or organic fertilizer,and the secondary treatment was 0,75,150 and 225 kg/hm^(2) of phosphate fertilizer applications.The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer could promote the growth of root,improve economic character and increase yield.The effect was most obvious when treated with MP_(2)O_(5)150,the number of leaves,dry weight of leaves,length of main root,neck of root and dry weight of root increased by 6.00 pieces,7.44 g,19.56 cm,0.75 cm and 1.91 g respectively.The plant height,effective pods in main flower,effective pods per plant,seeds per pod and the yield per plant increased by 46.91%,18.19%,28.73%,9.63%and 72.22%respectively compared with the control.The production was 3613.11 kg/hm^(2),increased by 1257.15 kg/hm^(2) compared with the control and grew 53.36%.The increase in production was very significant.The application of organic fertilizer had no significant effect on the grain quality of winter rapeseed in dryland.However,the application of phosphate fertilizer could increase the oil content and erucic acid content,and reduce the content of glucosinolate,protein and oleic acid.The maximum oil content of MP_(2)O_(5)150 was 45.36%,which was 2.59%higher than the control treatment,and the erucic acid was 36.36%,which was 2.10%higher than control.The glucosinolates content was 99.13 kg/hm^(2),and the protein content was 21.88%.

关 键 词：有机肥 磷肥 冬油菜 根系 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S634.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]