太平天国时期徽州的捐输运作与战局演变  

The Operation of Donations and the Evolution of the War in Huizhou during the Taiping War

作　　者：舒满君 SHU Man-jun(Department of History and Archives,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学历史与档案学院,昆明650091

出　　处：《安徽师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第4期41-51,共11页Journal of Anhui Normal University(Hum.&Soc.Sci.)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(19CZS029)。

摘　　要：咸丰三年(1853),太平军占金陵,后西征。徽州因处在太平军西出东回的动线上,成为太平军与清廷长期拉锯之地。咸丰五年,张芾以"前江西巡抚"的身份入徽,至徽之初,为筹饷银,设立筹防捐输局,激励绅士商捐输,并照征田赋、设卡收厘。徽商携资回乡,捐输助饷。绅商捐输是清廷在徽州就地筹饷的重要组成部分,劝捐筹饷过程也反映出一种战时特殊的官绅互动。它不仅关系饷银结构的变动,还嵌入了地方社会的运作脉络,影响战争局势。张芾驻徽五年有余,就地筹饷及协济在饷银结构中所占的比例可通过奏折进行分析,捐输、协济的变动对地方社会及战局的影响也得以呈现。In the third year of Xianfeng(1853),the Taiping army occupied Jinling,and then began the western expedition.Huizhou was in the moving line of the Taiping army and became a long-term tug-of-war region between the Taiping army and the Qing army.In the fifth year of Xianfeng,Zhang Fu entered Huizhou as the"former Governor of Jiangxi."He levied field tax,set up customs to raise the money and established a donation bureau for the defense to stimulate the donation of gentleman merchants,who returned to their hometowns Huizhou in wartime.Gentry merchants donations are an important part of the Qing court’s local pay for troops and the process of persuading donations also reflects a special wartime interaction between the government and the gentry,which not only relates to the changes in the structure of the pay for troops,but also embeds the operation of the local society and affects the war situation.Zhang Fu worked in Huizhou for more than five years.The proportion of the local pay for troops and the conciliation in the structure of the pay for troops can be analyzed through the memorial to the throne,and the influence of the changes of the donation and conciliation on the local society and the war situation can also be presented.

关 键 词：太平天国战争 徽州 捐输 筹饷 

分 类 号：K254[历史地理—历史学]