长骨大段骨缺损修复材料的力学性能及制备策略  

Mechanical Properties and Preparation Strategies of Bone Repair Materialsin the Treatment of Large Bone Defects

作　　者：梁庆优 邓春林[1] LIANG Qingyou;DENG Chunlin(School of Material Science and Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510640,China;Analytical and Testing Center,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学材料科学与工程学院,广州510640 [2]华南理工大学分析测试中心,广州510640

出　　处：《材料导报》2021年第13期13100-13108,13118,共10页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51972120;51772105)。

摘　　要：在长骨大段骨缺损修复中,自体骨移植是治疗的“金标准”,但存在来源有限等问题;合金和部分陶瓷由于应力屏蔽效应而引起骨吸收;可降解生物材料的力学性能无法与皮质骨相匹配。因此,力学适配性是目前硬组织修复材料研究的首要目标。通过汇总硬组织修复材料的拉伸强度-杨氏模量的关系、断裂韧度-杨氏模量的关系、冲击强度(韧度)-杨氏模量的关系和杨氏模量-密度的关系可以发现,现有硬组织修复材料的四对力学性质都没有进入皮质骨的范围,离长骨骨干力学性质中央区域还有很长的距离。骨的微观结构对开发新型骨修复材料极具启示。骨实际上是一种复合材料,无机相、有机相均各自交联成一个独立的整体,但又在分子尺度加以复合,相互穿插、缠绕,具有既强又韧的性能。因此,满足皮质骨力学适配性的硬组织修复材料应包含羟基磷灰石和生物相容性良好的高分子材料,且它们在纳米尺度复合。海鞘纤维素具有很高的模量,拥有增强复合材料的巨大潜力。将海鞘纤维素与纳米羟基磷灰石复合,通过温和成型制备方法(如离子寡聚体聚合、冷烧结或快烧结等方法)有望获得力学性能与皮质骨匹配的人工骨修复材料。本文归纳了长骨大段骨缺损修复材料的研究现状,并指出了存在的问题,进一步根据骨的微观结构讨论了生物复合材料设计和制备策略,以期为开发出力学性能优良的生物材料提供参考。A utologous bone graft,which is considered as“the gold standard”in repairing large bone defect(LBD),bears limited sources.Alloys and ceramics lead to bone absorption because of stress shielding.Biodegradable materials have good osteogenesis.However,their mechanical properties do not match natural bones.Thus it is the principal goal for treatment of LBD to endow biomaterials with matched mechanical properties similar to cortical bones.The data of four pairs of relationships for hard tissue repair materials,which involve tensile strength-Young’modulus(E),fracture toughness-E,impact strength(toughness)-E,and E-density,show that all these relationships are located outside the scope of cortical bone’s mechanical properties and far beyond the center.The microstructure of bone inspires us to discovery new biomaterials.Bone is actually a kind of strong and tough composite material,where inorganic and organic phases are cross-linked as an independent structure respectively,and the two phases are composited and entangled in the molecular level.Therefore,the hard tissue repair materials ought to contain hydroxyapatite(HAp)and biocompatible polymer(s)and be compo-sited on the nanoscale.Ascidian cellulose(AC)has high modulus and possesses great potentiality to enhance bone repair materials.Mild mol-ding conditions including ionic oligomer cross-linking,cold sintering,and fast sintering methods should be employed for the composition of HAp and AC to obtain cortical-bone-matched materials with proper mechanics.This work enumerates the materials employed in LBD,and the existing problem is emphasized.According to the micro structure of bone,the design and preparation strategies of the composite biomaterials are discussed,which may facilitate the research on biomaterial mechanics.

关 键 词：长骨大段骨缺损 人工骨修复材料 力学适配 骨微观结构 

分 类 号：TQ170[化学工程—硅酸盐工业]