3D打印聚合物纳米复合材料的研究进展  

Recent Advances in 3D Printed Polymer Nanocomposites

作　　者：杨兆哲 孔振武[1] 吴国民[1] 王思群[2] 谢延军[3] 冯鑫浩 YANG Zhaozhe;KONG Zhenwu;WU Guomin;WANG Siqun;XIE Yanjun;FENG Xinhao(Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Nanjing 210042,China;Center of Renewable Carbon,University of Tennessee,TN 37996,USA;College of Material Science and Engineering,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;College of Furnishings and Industrial Design,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所,南京210042 [2]田纳西大学再生碳中心,诺克斯维尔379963 [3]东北林业大学材料科学与工程学院,哈尔滨150040 [4]南京林业大学家居与工业设计学院,南京210037

出　　处：《材料导报》2021年第13期13177-13185,共9页Materials Reports

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金青年项目(BK20200779);江苏省高等学校自然科学研究项目(19KJB220004);宜华生活科技股份有限公司科技创新项目(YH-JS-JSKF-201904002)。

摘　　要：相对于传统制造方法如挤出成型、模压成型等,3D打印技术不仅能够快速成型结构复杂且精细的产品,而且还可以根据不同功能、性能需求选择不同材料进行快速制造。凭借这一优势,3D打印越来越受到人们的重视,越来越多的3D打印产品被应用到人们的生活、学习和工作中。在众多3D打印材料中,聚合物材料(如热固性和热塑性聚合物等)的占比大、应用广,大到房屋内饰、小到微/纳米电子设备都可以通过3D打印聚合物材料来实现。然而,相比于传统方法制造的聚合物材料,3D打印聚合物材料强度低、打印层之间界面结合差,所以目前3D打印聚合物材料主要用于模型和非结构材料。为提高3D打印聚合物材料的强度,纳米材料(如纤维素纳米晶)常被用作增强体与聚合物材料混合打印,以此制备高强、多功能的3D打印纳米复合材料。纤维素纳米晶来源广泛、价格低廉、可再生、强度高,是一种十分理想的天然纳米增强材料。因此,近年来纤维素纳米晶在3D打印聚合物纳米复合材料中的应用受到广泛关注。除研究纳米材料对3D打印聚合物材料性能的影响外,研究者们还从纳米材料改性和新型纳米材料的研发等方面不断进行尝试,在提高3D打印聚合物纳米复合材料强度的同时赋予其更多的功能性,并取得了丰硕的成果。此外,借助光固化3D打印和聚合物熔融沉积成型两项基本原理相近、成型机理不同的3D打印技术,研究者们从打印纳米复合材料的结构、性能及功能出发,分别研究不同打印技术实现材料“结构-性能-功能”的可能性和可行性,为3D打印聚合物纳米复合材料的拓展应用提供了可靠依据。本文在简述3D打印技术的基础上,重点阐述常用于热固性和热塑性聚合物3D打印技术的基本原理和特点;着重分析两项不同3D打印技术在聚合物纳米复合材料领域的应用情况,总结3D打印Compared to the traditional manufacturing methods such as extrusion,molding,etc.,3D printing technology can not only rapidly mold the product with complex and fine structure,but also realizes efficient manufacturing with different materials to meet the requirements on the functions and performance.Therefore,3D printing has been attracted more attention,and more 3D printed products have been applied into people’s lives,study,and work.Among all the raw materials used for 3D printing,polymer such as thermoset and thermoplastic polymer,has been mostly 3D printed and applied in the areas ranging from house decorations to micro/nano-electronic devices.However,the 3D printed polymers can only be used in mo-dels and non-structural materials due to their low strength and weak adhesion between printed layers.Nanomaterials such as cellulose nanocrystals,are often used as reinforcement in polymers to prepare high-strength 3D printed nanocomposites,which can be used in structural and functional applications.Cellulose nanocrystal is an ideal nano-enhancement material with wide sources,low price,renewable,and high strength.Hence,the application of nanomaterials in the 3D printed nanocomposites has been researched,meanwhile,the effect of nanomaterials on the properties of 3D-printed polymers was elaborately investigated.Researches were also focused on the modification of nanomaterial and development of new nanomaterials to improve the property of 3D printed nanocomposites and obtain functionality in the printed nanocomposites,and several fruitful results have been achieved.In addition,the structure-property-function relationship of 3D printed nanocomposites produced by stereolithography and fused deposition modeling,respectively,have been evaluated to provide a reliable reference for the extensive application of 3D printed nanocomposites.In this study,the 3D printing technology was briefly introduced.The basic principles and characteristics of 3D printing technology used in thermoset and thermoplastic polymers were introduced.

关 键 词：3D打印 纳米复合材料 聚合物 光固化 熔融沉积 

分 类 号：TQ327[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]