互联网对家庭消费影响的结构性差异——基于CFPS2018微观数据的分析  

The Structural Differences of the Impact of Internet on Household Consumption--based on CFPS 2018 Micro Data

作　　者：刘大为 李淑文 LIU Da-wei;LI Shu-wen(Research Center for Economic Development in Underdeveloped Regions,Guizhou University of Finance and Economics,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;School of Marxism Studies,Beijing Wuzi University,Beijing 101149,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州财经大学欠发达地区经济发展研究中心,贵州贵阳550025 [2]北京物资学院马克思主义学院,北京市101149

出　　处：《中国流通经济》2021年第7期40-50,共11页China Business and Market

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“差异化平台的兼容激励与市场结构演进研究”(16YJA790024);贵州财经大学高层次人才项目(2018YJ58)。

摘　　要：互联网的使用改变了家庭消费偏好与约束条件,可以在全面促进消费中发挥积极作用。由于消费本身的复杂性以及不同消费领域中信息技术应用程度存在的差异,互联网在促进消费中对各类型消费的影响会产生不同效果。基于中国家庭动态跟踪调查(CFPS)2018年数据,运用倾向得分匹配(PSM)方法,估计互联网使用对家庭总消费和食物、衣着、居住、生活、交通通信、教育文化、医疗保健等七类消费支出的影响程度,研究发现:在促进家庭总消费的过程中,不同于传统消费影响因素对总消费和各类消费影响表现出的同步性,互联网对各类消费的影响效果具有明显的结构性差异。首先,互联网使用可以显著降低医疗保健消费,提高在其他方面的购买能力;互联网对生存类消费的促进效果有限,对提升生活品质或有助于家庭长远发展的消费促进效果更加明显,有助于家庭消费质量提升。其次,在全面促进消费中互联网影响的结构性差异主要取决于消费的需求弹性,对缺乏弹性的消费需求促进效果有限,对富有弹性的消费需求促进效果更加明显。再次,加快互联网等新型消费基础设施建设可以有力推动强大国内市场的形成和流通效率提升。The use of the Internet has changed the preferences and constraint of household consumption;and it can promote household consumption in an all-round way. Due to the complexity of consumption itself and the differences in the application of IT to different consumption fields,the effects of Internet in promoting various types of consumption will be different. Based on the2018 data of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),the Propensity Score Matching(PSM)method is used to estimate the impact of Internet on the total household consumption and seven types of consumption,such as food,clothing,housing,life,transportation and communication,education and culture,and health care. It is found that,in promoting consumption,unlike the synchronicity of traditional consumption influencing factors,there are obvious structural differences in the effects of the Internet on various types of consumption. First,the use of the Internet can significantly reduce health care consumption and increase the purchasing power of other demands;the role Internet plays in promoting surviving consumption is very limited;Internet can more helpful in improving living quality and promoting consumption beneficial to the household’s long-term development;and it will be helpful to improve the quality of household consumption. Second,in promoting consumption in an all-round way,the structural differences of the Internet’s role will be determined by the consumption’s demand elasticity;for consumption with inelastic demand,the promoting effect is limited;and for consumption with elastic demand,the effect is obvious. And third,speeding up the construction of Internet and other new consumption infrastructure can effectively promote the formation of a strong domestic market and the improvement of circulation efficiency.

关 键 词：互联网 家庭消费 中国家庭动态跟踪调查 需求弹性 结构性差异 

分 类 号：F126.1[经济管理—世界经济]