基于根系生长特征及作物产量的红壤坡耕地合理耕层厚度模拟  

Simulation of Reasonable Plough Lyer Thickness of Red Soil Sloping Land Based on Root Growth Characteristics and Crop Yield

作　　者：黄尚书[1] 钟义军[1] 黄欠如[1] 叶川 何绍浪 张昆[1] 成艳红[1] 吴艳[1] HUANG Shangshu;ZHONG Yijun;HUANG Qianru;YE Chuan;HE Shaolang;ZHNAG Kun;CHENG Yanhong;WU Yan(Red Soil Institute of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330046,China;Jiangxi Sericulture and Tea Institute,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330043,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省红壤研究所,江西南昌330046 [2]江西省蚕桑茶叶研究所,江西南昌330043

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2021年第6期1632-1638,共7页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：江西省重点研发计划项目(No.20161BBF60105,No.20181BBF68009);公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(No.201503119)。

摘　　要：为明确红壤坡耕地的合理耕层厚度。以红壤坡耕地耕层土壤填充方式构建10、20、30、40、50 cm5个耕层厚度,模拟土壤理化性质等相同条件下不同耕层厚度对根系生长特征和花生单株产量的影响,并分析作物产量与耕层厚度的相关性,探讨增加耕层厚度下花生的增产潜力。结果表明:(1)不同耕层厚度对花生各生育期主根根长及开花下针期和成熟期根系生物量、根系活力影响显著(P<0.05);耕层厚度为30 cm可以保证花生根系生长和根系生物量形成所需的纵向空间,并维持根系活力在较高的水平。(2)不同耕层厚度对花生单株产量影响显著(P<0.05),花生单株产量随着耕层厚度的增加呈现先增长后稳定的趋势。(3)整个生育期主根根长与花生单株产量相关性呈极显著线性关系(P<0.01);开花下针期和成熟期花生根系活力、根系生物量与花生单株产量呈极显著相关(P<0.01);说明耕层厚度可以通过影响花生根系发育进而影响产量的形成。(4)米氏方程符合花生单株产量与耕层厚度的关系(P<0.01,R^(2)=0.8097),30 cm的耕层厚度可以保证花生产量较高,进一步增加耕层厚花生的增产潜力较小(<5%)。In order to make clear the reasonable cultivated layer thickness of red soil sloping land,a study was constructed on plough layer thickness of 10 cm,20 cm,30 cm,40 cm and 50 cm by the method of filling plough layer soil of red soil sloping land,the effects of different plough layer thickness on root growth characteristics and peanut yield per plant were analyzed under the same conditions of soil physical and chemical properties,and the potential of peanut yield increase was discussed by establishing the relationship between crop yield and plough layer thickness.The effect of different thickness of plough layer on the root length of main root at different growth stages,root biomass and root activity of peanut at the period except seedling stage were significant(P<0.05).The plough layer thickness of 30 cm could ensure the vertical space for root growth and root biomass formation of peanut,and maintain the root activity of peanut at a higher level.The effect of different plough layer thickness on peanut yield per plant was significant(P<0.05),and the yield per plant of peanut increased first and then stabilized with the increase of the thickness of plough layer.There was a very significant linear relationship between the main root length and peanut yield per plant at different growth stages(P<0.01)and a very significant correlation between peanut root activity,root biomass and peanut yield per plant at the period except seedling stage(P<0.05),showing that the plough layer thickness could affect the root development of peanut and then affect the formation of yield.The relationship between peanut yield per plant and plough layer thickness was fitted by Michaelis equation(R^(2)=0.8097,P<0.01).The plough layer thickness of 30 cm could ensure a higher peanut yield,and further increase of the layer thickness had a smaller yield potential(<5%).In this study,the reasonable plough layer thickness of red soil sloping land under the same conditions is defined,which has important guiding significance for the construction of rea

关 键 词：根系生长特征 作物产量 红壤坡耕地 耕层厚度 模拟 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]