花生抗旱性研究进展  

Research Progress and Prospect of Drought Resistance in Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)

作　　者：代小冬[1,2] 杜培 秦利[1,2] 刘华 张忠信[1,2] 高伟 刘娟[3] 徐静 董文召[1,2] 张新友 DAI Xiaodong;DU Pei;QIN Li;LIU Hua;ZHANG Zhongxin;GAO Wei;LIU Juan;XU Jing;DONG Wenzhao;ZHANG Xinyou(Henan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding,Henan Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huanghuaihai Plains,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement/National and Provincial Joint Engineering Laboratory for Peanut Genetic Improvement,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002,China;Henan Biological Breeding Center Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002,China;Industrial Crops Research Institute,Henan Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院河南省作物分子育种研究院/农业农村部黄淮海油料作物重点实验室/河南省油料作物遗传改良重点实验室/花生遗传改良国家地方联合工程实验室,河南郑州450002 [2]河南生物育种中心有限公司,河南郑州450002 [3]河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2021年第6期1788-1794,共7页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(No.CARS-13);河南省花生产业技术体系(No.S2012-5)。

摘　　要：花生是我国重要的油料和经济作物。随着全球气候变暖的加剧,水资源短缺的形势更加严峻,干旱已成为影响花生生产的主要环境因子。解析花生抗旱分子调控机制,培育抗旱花生品种对减轻干旱灾害及其造成的损失具有重要的意义。本文通过综述国内外在花生抗旱性研究方面取得的主要进展,表明花生的抗旱性鉴定方法主要有聚乙二醇模拟干旱、盆栽试验和旱棚鉴定池;发芽指数、幼苗鲜/干质量、相对植株鲜质量/干质量、饱果率、百仁重、出仁率等可以作为花生抗旱性的评价指标;编码转录因子、胚胎发育晚期丰富蛋白、热激蛋白、脂肪酸延长酶、组蛋白去乙酰化酶等的基因参与调控了花生抗旱及防御反应。今后要继续加强抗旱种质资源的收集与创制、抗旱花生品种的筛选与培育及配套农艺措施的研发,同时着重围绕花生抗旱基因克隆及调控网络解析开展工作,结合常规育种技术和现代生物技术改良花生的抗旱性。Peanut is an important oilseed crop and cash crop.The situation of water shortage is more serious with growing global warming,and drought has become major environmental factor affecting peanut production.Exploring the molecular mechanisms of drought resistance and cultivating new variety with drought resistance have important significance in reducing drought disaster and its losses.The research progresses of drought resistance of peanut at home and abroad were reviewed in this paper,which showed that the main appraisal methods of drought resistance of peanut included water stress simulated with polyethylene glycol 6000,pot experiment and rain-proof shelter.Drought resistance indexes include germination index,seedling fresh weight,seedling dry weight,relative plant fresh weight,relative plant dry weight,percent of plump,100-kernel weight,kernel percent,etc..Gene encoding transcription factors,late embryogenesis abundant protein,heat shock protein,fatty acid elongase and histone deacetylase participate in the regulation of drought resistance and defense response of peanut.Much more work should be done in collection and development of drought resistant germplasms,screening and cultivation of drought resistant variety and study of the rational farming techniques in the future.Meanwhile,the research work which focuses on the cloning of drought resistance genes and analysis of regulatory networks would be carried out,and the drought resistance of peanut was improved by combining the conventional breeding and modern biological technology.

关 键 词：花生 干旱 抗旱性研究 抗旱育种 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]