1981-2019年四川省霾日时空变化特征及成因分析  

Spatial-temporal Variation and the Cause of Formation of Haze Days in Sichuan Province from 1981 to 2019

作　　者：孙蕊 马振峰[1,2] 张亮 李小兰[1,2] 刘佳 SUN Rui;MA Zhenfeng;ZHANG Liang;LI Xiaolan;LIU Jia(Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610072,China;Sichuan Climate Center,Chengdu 610072,China;Sichuan Meteorological Disaster Defense Technology Center,Chengdu 610072,China)

机构地区：[1]高原与盆地暴雨旱涝灾害四川省重点实验室,四川成都610072 [2]四川省气候中心,四川成都610072 [3]四川省气象灾害防御技术中心,四川成都610072

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2021年第3期85-92,共8页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：高原与盆地暴雨旱涝灾害四川省重点实验室科技发展基金项目(SCQXKJQN2019007);国家自然科学基金项目(41275097)。

摘　　要：利用1981—2019年气象观测资料,分析了四川霾日的时空变化特征,并分析了污染物排放量和气象条件变化对霾日的影响。结果表明:(1)四川盆地为霾日高发区,年均霾日达53.7 d,其中轻、中、重度霾日数分别为26.9、24.1和2.7 d,川西高原年均霾日数不足1 d。霾日高值区主要分布在盆地的中部、东部及南部,轻、中、重度霾日高值区分布与霾日基本一致。(2)近39 a盆地霾日总体呈下降趋势,气候倾向率为-0.03 d/10 a,霾日数及霾分布范围在20世纪90年代达到最大,进入21世纪后霾日数和霾范围呈减小趋势。(3)霾在冬季发生频繁,冬季年均霾日数达24.7 d,且盆地大部地区超过30 d。(4)近39 a盆地共发生持续性霾12782次,自贡市、德阳市、内江市、乐山市为持续性霾的高发区;盆地共发生区域持续性霾509次,其中<10 d的区域持续性霾发生的次数最多,占比为87.8%。(5)盆地霾天气的主要贡献污染物为PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)。二者排放量在20世纪90年代达到最大,进入21世纪后开始减少,21世纪10年代减少最为明显。21世纪10年代前盆地平均气温升高、相对湿度下降,污染物的排放与气象条件的共同作用,导致霾事件出现频率较高。随着城市生态文明的建设与治理,在21世纪10年代,盆地区域污染物排放减少,区域升温率减小,相对湿度显著升高,霾出现频率有所降低。Based on the meteorological data of Sichuan province during 1981-2019,the spatial and temporal distributions of haze days were studied,and the influence of pollutant emission and meteorological conditions on haze days was also analyzed.The results showed that:(1)Sichuan basin was the high incidence area of haze days,with an average annual value of 53.7 d.The light,medium and heavy haze days were 26.9,24.1 and 2.7 d respectively.The average annual haze days in the western Sichuan plateau were less than 1 d.The high-value regions of haze days were mainly distributed in the middle,east and south of the basin,and the distribution of light,medium and heavy haze days were basically consistent with that of haze days.(2)In recent 39 years,the haze days in the basin showed a decreasing trend in general,the climate tendency was-0.03 d/10 a.The days numbers and distribution range of hazes reached to maximum in the 1990s,but began to decline after the 21st century.(3)In Sichuan basin,haze occurred frequently in winter with an average annual value of 24.7 d.In most areas of Sichuan basin,the average annual haze days in winter were more than 30 d.(4)In recent 39 years,Sichuan basin occurred 12782 persistent haze events,Zigong,Deyang,Neijiang and Leshan city were the high incidence areas of persistent haze.Sichuan basin occurred 509 regional persistent haze events,and the regional persistent haze less than 10 d were the most,accounting for 87.8%.(5)The PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) were the main contribution pollutants to haze weather in the basin.The emissions of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) reached the maximum in the 1990s,began to decrease after the 21st century,and decrease most in the 2010s.Before the 2010s,the temperature increased and the relative humidity decreased.The joint effect of pollutant emissions and meteorological conditions led to high frequency of haze events.In the 2010s,with the construction and management of ecological civilization,the emission of pollutants decreased,the relative humidity increased significantly,and the o

关 键 词：霾 时空分布 趋势 区域持续性霾 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]