尼古丁成瘾机制的研究进展  

Advances in mechanism of nicotine addiction

作　　者：焦瑒 贾颖 朱苹 张倩 马晓丽 JIAO Yang;JIA Ying;ZHU Ping;ZHANG Qian;MA Xiao-li(Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250013;Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taian Central Hospital, Taian 271000, China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学附属济南市中心医院基础医学研究中心,山东济南250013 [2]泰安市中心医院检验科,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《基础医学与临床》2021年第7期1060-1065,共6页Basic and Clinical Medicine

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金(ZR2018M021);泰安市科技发展计划(2017NS0169)。

摘　　要：尼古丁(NIC)通过烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(nAChRs)在脑中起作用。nAChRs是由5个跨膜亚单位组成的配体门控离子通道,在哺乳动物中其包含9个α亚基(α2~α10)和3个β亚基(β2~β4)。脑中nAchRs主要亚型为含α4和β2亚基的nAChR(α4β2-nAChR),其介导许多与NIC成瘾有关的行为。近期研究表明,α7、α5、α6-nAChR在NIC成瘾中起重要作用。编码α5、α3和β4的CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4基因簇的遗传变异,增加了对烟草依赖和吸烟相关疾病(包括肺癌)的易感性。小鼠中α5或β4亚基的表达改变了NIC的消耗模式。此外,NIC对食欲、注意力和情绪的影响与吸烟习惯的建立和维持相关。Nicotine(NIC)plays a role in the brain through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(nAChRs).nAChRs are ligand-gated ion channel composed of five transmembrane subunits.Mammals contain nineαsubunits(α2~α10)and threeβsubunits(β2~β4).Theα4 and the nAChRs subtype ofβ2 subunit(α4β2-nAChR),in brain tissue mediate many behaviors related to NIC addiction.Recent studies have shown thatα7,α5 andα6-nAChR play an important role in regulating NIC addiction.Genetic variations in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene clusters encodingα5,α3,andβ4 increase the susceptibility to tobacco dependence and smoking-related diseases(including lung cancer).The expression ofα5 orβ4 subunits in mouse brain tissue changes the consumption pattern of NIC.In addition,the effects of NIC on appetite,attention and emotion are related to the establishment and maintenance of smoking habits.

关 键 词：烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(nAChRs) 胆碱能抗炎性反应通路 尼古丁 成瘾 中脑边缘系统 

分 类 号：R338.24[医药卫生—人体生理学]