考虑降雨有效利用的水稻灌溉模式的优化  

Optimization of paddy rice irrigation schedule considering effective utilization of rainfall

作　　者：陈梦婷 杨琳 吴光星 吴争光 茆智[2] 崔远来[2] 罗玉峰[2] CHEN Mengting;YANG Lin;WU Guangxing;WU Zhengguang;MAO Zhi;CUI Yuanlai;LUO Yufeng(CAMCE WHU Design&Research Co.Ltd.,Wuhan,Hubei 430200,China;State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science,Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]中工武大设计研究有限公司,湖北武汉430200 [2]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2021年第8期832-837,共6页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：湖北省技术创新专项(重大项目)(2018ABA079);江西省水利厅科技项目(KT201736);广西科技计划项目(AB18126093)。

摘　　要：为充分利用有效降雨挖掘农业节水潜力,以湖北漳河灌区为例,提出一种考虑降雨有效利用的水稻灌溉模式的优化方法,根据长系列历史气象数据对传统淹灌模式进行分阶段优化,改变各生育阶段控制水层深度,寻找最大利用降雨兼顾减少灌水次数的最优水层深度组合并分析节水原因及效果.结果显示,优化后适宜水层下限比优化前低10 mm,降雨后最大蓄水深度比优化前深10 mm,而优化后适宜水层上限分蘖前期、拔节孕穗期、抽穗开花期、乳熟期优化后适宜水层上限分别为50,50,40,25 mm.与传统淹灌模式相比,优化后平均降雨利用率提高3.78%,其中分蘖前期增幅最大,为6.41%,灌水次数减少4.60次,其中乳熟期减少最多,为2.44次,灌溉定额减少25.50 mm,节水率为5.14%,其中拔节孕穗期节水率最高,为7.23%.In order to use rainfall and develop water-saving irrigation better,a new method for optimization of paddy rice irrigation schedule in south China was proposed taking a case study over the Zhanghe irrigation area in Hubei province.According to the long series of historical meteorological data,the conventional flooded schedule was optimized by growth stages through changing the criterion of field water depth in each growth stage to search the optimal water depth combination which made the best use of rainfall and reduced irrigation times,and the causes and effects of water saving were analyzed.The results indicated that after optimization,the lower limit of water depth was reduced by 10 mm and the maximum allowable water depth after rainfall is increased by 10 mm,while the upper limit of water depth is 50,50,40 and 25 mm respectively from the early tillering stage to the milk-ripe stage.Compared with the conventional flooded irrigation schedule,the optimization irrigation schedule can increase rainfall utilization rate by 3.78%on average with the largest increase at the early tillering stage(6.41%)and decrease irrigation times by 4.60 times on average with the largest decrease at the mike-ripe stage(2.44 times)and decrease irrigation water by 5.14%on average with the largest decrease at the jointing-booting stage(7.23%).

关 键 词：水稻 有效降雨 淹灌 灌溉模式 

分 类 号：TV93[水利工程—水利水电工程]