全民所有自然资源损害救济的权利基础与实现路径--以国家所有权的私权定位为逻辑起点  

The Rights Basis and Realization Path of Relief for Damage of Natural Resources Owned by All-people--Taking the Position of Private Right of State Ownership as the Logical Starting Point

作　　者：李兴宇 吴昭军 LI Xing-yu;WU Zhao-jun(Beijing Forestry University;China Agricultural University)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学人文社会科学学院 [2]北京林业大学生态法研究中心 [3]中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院

出　　处：《华中科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第4期97-107,共11页Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“深化农村集体产权制度改革的法治保障研究”(20ZDA046)。

摘　　要：国家所有权性质界定不清、自然资源产权行使机制不健全,致使我国全民所有自然资源损害救济存在救济主客体、方式及路径不明等问题。国家所有权在性质上应被界定为民事权利,以促进自然资源经济价值的市场化利用,但同时也应对权利行使课以公益约束。自然资源资产管理应坚持所有者与监管者分开的原则,未来宜建立国家/地方自然资源资产管理委员会,“分别直接代表”国家作为所有者行使自然资源国家所有权,自然资源部门则作为监管者行使自然资源行政监管职责。在此权利界定基础上,自然资源损害救济应首先遵循民事路径,自然资源资产管理委员会应及时与责任方进行赔偿磋商或提起国家所有权诉讼;事态紧急的,自然资源部门应及时作出行政命令或处罚;检察机关/环保组织存在异议的,也可提起公益诉讼予以救济。The unclear definition of the nature of state ownership and the imperfect mechanism for the exercise of natural resource property rights have led to problems such as the subject,object,method,and path of the relief for damage to natural resources owned by all-people occurred in our country.State ownership should be defined as civil right in order to promote the market-oriented utilization of economic value of natural resources,but at the same time,the exercise of rights should be restricted by public interest.Natural resources asset management should adhere to the principle of separation of owners and regulators,and it is appropriate to establish national local natural resources asset management committees in the future,“separately directly represent”the state as the owner to exercise the ownership of natural resources,and the Ministry of Natural Resources and its relevant departments act as regulators in the exercise of their responsibilities of natural resources.On the basis of the definition of this right,the natural resources damage relief should first follow the civil path,and the natural resources asset management committee should consult with the responsible party in time for compensation or initiate a state ownership lawsuit;if the situation is urgent,the Ministry of Natural Resources and its relevant departments should make an administrative order or punishment in time;and if the procuratorial organ environmental protection organization has any objection,it may also bring a public interest lawsuit for relief.

关 键 词：自然资源 国家所有权 全民所有 公共信托 损害救济 

分 类 号：D922.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]