环境行政罚款和刑事罚金关系处理的模式探析--兼论环境法律责任的承担方式  

Analysis of the Mode of Handling the Relationship Between Environmental Administrative Fines and Criminal Fines: Concurrently on the Way of Assuming Responsibility in Environmental Law

作　　者：刘飞琴 司雪侠[2] LIU Fei-qin;SI Xue-xia(Beijing Institute of Technology;Yulin University)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学法学院 [2]榆林学院政法学院

出　　处：《华中科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第4期108-117,共10页Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“土壤污染的管控和修复法律制度研究”(17BFX130);陕西省科技厅项目“陕北资源富集区生态补偿机制研究”(2017KRM159)。

摘　　要：我国司法实践中出现行政处罚和刑事处罚叠合、行政罚款和刑事罚金抵扣与否不统一以及数额差异大等问题,牵涉出我国环境法律责任承担方式关系处理的问题。实践和理论中,我国的环境法律责任仅承担方式大体上划分为区分模式和合作模式,前者主张事前将环境事件定性,由具有管辖权的机关专门处理;后者主张综合考虑环境事件,基于功能统筹分析最终界定环境法律责任承担方式。前者符合司法实践和学术理论的思维惯性,后者符合环境法的功能需求和未来的立法动向。基于行政罚款和刑事罚金界限模糊化、刑法从属性等理由,合作模式处理环境法律责任承担方式具有可采性,应当配套地采取完善环境司法专门化、推动环境损害鉴定规范化、建立环境事件法律规制共同体等措施。In China’s judicial practice,problems such as the overlap of administrative and criminal penalties,the inconsistency of deductions for administrative fines and criminal fines,and large differences in amounts have arisen,which involve the problems of dealing with the way of bearing environmental legal responsibility in China.In practice and theory,China’s environmental legal liability is generally divided into a distinction model and a cooperation model.The former advocates that environmental incidents should be qualitatively prioritized and dealt with exclusively by the competent authority;the latter advocates comprehensive consideration of environmental incidents and a final definition of environmental legal liability based on functional overall analysis.The former conforms to the inertia of judicial practice and academic theory,while the latter conforms to the functional requirements of environmental law and future legislative trends.For reasons such as the blurring of the boundaries between administrative fines and criminal fines and the subordination of criminal law,the cooperative model is admissible in the way of assuming environmental legal liabilities.It should be complemented to improve the specialization of environmental justice,promote the standardization of environmental damage identification,and establish measures such as establishing a community of legal regulation of environmental incidents.

关 键 词：环境法律责任 区分模式 合作模式 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]