论环境侵权责任中的恢复原状费用  

On the Cost of Restitution in Environmental Tort Liability

作　　者：刘媛媛 Liu Yuanyuan

机构地区：[1]浙江财经大学法学院

出　　处：《交大法学》2021年第3期172-187,共16页SJTU Law Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(项目编号:20ZDA046)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：我国法将传统大陆民法中的“恢复原状”作了技术性限缩,未将恢复原状费用囊括在内,且常将其与金钱赔偿混为一谈。虽然在多数情况下,环境侵权中的恢复原状费用和金钱赔偿在适用效果上均指向金额的计算,但两者性质相去甚远,恢复原状的金钱给付源自自身的行为给付色彩,而这点常被忽略。依据损害赔偿规则,费用支付完毕在某种程度上意味着责任终结,如将恢复费用定性为金钱赔偿的话,费用支付完毕即风险转移完毕,这与环境损害责任所欲达到的救济理念多有抵牾。鉴于此,应在明晰恢复原状费用请求权性质,且与金钱赔偿作严格区分的基础上,重新对恢复原状费用进行界定。具体可参照《民法典》第1235条对请求范围进行再确认,将虚拟治理成本法作为费用计算的标准。最后,从可否自由处分、追偿问题等方面补足适用之疑虑。Chinese law technically restricts the concept of restoration in the traditional continental civil law,excluding the cost of restoration from this concept.Besides,the restoration is often confused with monetary compensation in China.Although under most environmental torts cases,both the application of restitution cost and the monetary compensation will lead to the calculation of the monetary amount,the natures of these two approaches are far from the same.The monetary payment for restitution results from their own behavior,which is often ignored.According to the damage compensation rules,the completion of damage payment to some extent means the full discharge of liability.If the nature of restitution costs is defined as monetary compensation,the completion of the cost payment means the finish of risk transfer,which conflicts with the relief objectives that the environmental damage liability is intended to achieve.In view of this,the concept of restitution cost should be redefined,on the basis of clarifying the nature of the right to claim restitution cost and strictly distinguishing it from monetary compensation.To this end,we should refer to Article 1235 of the Civil Code to reconfirm the scope of the claim and use the virtual governance cost method as the standard for cost calculation.Finally,the doubt about the application should be made up in terms of whether it can be freely dispositioned and recovered.

关 键 词：恢复原状费用 金钱赔偿 完全赔偿原则 请求范围 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]