乌克兰油气储运系统与过境运输启示  

Ukraine’s oil&gas transportation system and enlightenment of transit transportation

作　　者：梁萌 张奇 白福高 张燕云 孙黎 彭盈盈 LIANG Meng;ZHANG Qi;BAI Fugao;ZHANG Yanyun;SUN Li;PENG Yingying(CNPC Economics and Technology Research Institute;School of Economics and Management,China University of Petroleum(Beijing);China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Corporation)

机构地区：[1]中国石油集团经济技术研究院 [2]中国石油大学(北京)经济管理学院 [3]中国石油国际勘探开发有限公司

出　　处：《油气储运》2021年第6期609-618,628,共11页Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金资助项目“中国能源安全视角的中亚地区通道权力研究”,2019M660934。

摘　　要：油气跨境运输在能源供应中具有关键性作用。从乌克兰油气管输体系入手,剖析了俄罗斯油气过境乌克兰的运输问题,揭示了乌克兰过境国地位与俄乌关系的内在联系,提出了强化中国油气进口通道安全保障的建议。研究表明:乌克兰油气运输体系庞大,油气管道总长度近4.3×10^(4) km,油气年过境输能分别为5630×10^(4) t、1460×10^(8) m^(3)。乌克兰地处战略要地且运输体系强大,从经济技术角度,过境乌克兰是俄罗斯油气出口欧洲的最便捷方式。俄罗斯对乌克兰的过度依赖赋予了乌克兰一种通道权力,成为乌克兰与俄罗斯地缘政治博弈的利器。为了保障能源运输安全,俄罗斯构建了跨波罗的海、黑海等绕开乌克兰的油气通道,实现了对运输通道的掌控。作为油气进口第一大国,中国正逐步建成油气进口通道体系,应强化对油气跨境运输潜在风险的认识,重视从地缘政治角度对进口油气过境国的问题研究,通过优化通道格局与输能配置,高质量推进通道的多元化发展,提升中国油气进口通道体系的应急能力。Transit transportation of oil&gas is critical to energy supply.In view of the Ukrainian oil&gas transportation system,the transportation problem of Russian oil and gas transit through Ukraine was analyzed,with the internal relationship between Ukraine as a transit country and its relationship with Russia revealed,and recommendations for strengthening the security of China’s oil&gas transportation routes were proposed.The research shows that,Ukraine’s oil&gas transportation system is very huge,consisting of about 4.3×10^(4) km of oil&gas pipelines,with the transit capability of 5630×10^(4) t/a for oil and 1460×10^(8) m^(3)/a for gas.Ukraine is strategically located and has a strong transportation system,and from the perspective of economy and technology,transit through Ukraine is the most convenient route for Russian oil&gas transportation to Europe.However,the high dependence of Russia on Ukraine enables the latter to create a corridor power,which also becomes a weapon of geopolitical game between Ukraine and Russia.In order to ensure the security of energy transportation,Russia has constructed the oil and gas pipelines crossing the Baltic and Black Seas with Ukraine bypassed,realizing the control of energy transportation corridor.As the largest importer of oil&gas in the world,China is building an oil&gas transportation system gradually.Further,the awareness of potential risks of transit transportation of oil and gas should be enhanced,and attention should be paid to the research on the issues of the oil&gas transit countries in view of geopolitics.By optimizing the transportation routes pattern and transmission capacity configuration,the transportation routes should be developed in a diversified way and the emergency response capability of the oil&gas transportation system should be improved.

关 键 词：乌克兰 俄罗斯 油气管道 过境运输 通道权力 

分 类 号：TE832[石油与天然气工程—油气储运工程]