分布式测量系统的分级几何约束定向方法  

Orientation Method of Distributed Measurement System Based on Hierarchical Geometric Constraints

作　　者：林嘉睿[1] 俞吉洙 杨凌辉[1] 张饶 邾继贵[1] Lin Jiarui;Yu Jizhu;Yang Linghui;Zhang Rao;Zhu Jigui(State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学精密测试技术及仪器国家重点实验室,天津300072

出　　处：《中国激光》2021年第9期94-104,共11页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51835007,51775380,51975408,51721003)。

摘　　要：分布式测量系统借助辅助装置来构建几何约束条件以完成定向,而约束精度和数量易受到现场条件环境的制约。针对测量空间欠约束定向的问题,研究一种基于倾角传感的基准长度定向方法,该方法引入高精度的倾角传感器与测量单元结合,通过倾角传感的水平约束建立相对位姿定向模型并将系统定向过程进行分级处理,借助高精度的测角仪器提供内部角度约束,可以减少外部基准长度的约束条件个数。以室内空间测量定位系统作为实验平台,搭建组合系统样机,验证外部欠约束条件下的定向条件数目及分布对系统精度的影响。实验结果表明,所提方法在保证定向精度的同时,能够有效减少定向过程中所需的空间约束条件个数,并具有较好的稳定性,而且可以提高分布式测量系统的组网效率和复杂环境适应能力。Objective With the advantage of the characteristic of parallel multitask and space expandability,a large-scale distributed measurement system is widely used in mechanical manufacturing.Based on the intersection-positioning mechanism of multisource observations,large-scale distributed measurement system constructs an integrated measurement network.The positioning of the system determines the performance and applicability of the whole network.The precision and quantity of orientation constraints are easily restricted by on-site conditions and environment.Represented by the angle intersection measurement system,typical distributed measurement systems consist of multiple vision measurement systems,theodolite measurement system,and workshop Measurement-Positioning System(wMPS).Considering the relative position and postural relationship among the measurement units as the optimization parameters,the objective function of the orientation process is established through redundant geometric constraints and the intersection relation between measurement units and the measured points.The final orientation parameters are obtained by the optimization method.In the conventional method,geometric constraints are constructed by auxiliary equipment,which is disadvantageous to use in complex occlusion environment.Methods Solving the under-constraint problem for the distributed measurement system,an orientation method based on angle and length constraints is presented.It combines a high-precision dual-axis inclinometer with measurement units of distributed measurement systems.The proposed orientation method is deduced based on the wMPS.First,the general orientation principle of the distributed measurement system is established.The proposed orientation method is developed based on the general orientation principle.Second,a new orientation method is built by an dual-axis inclinometer and length constraints supported by the scalar bar.A relative postural orientation model is established according to the horizontal constraints supported by

关 键 词：测量 大尺寸测量 分布式测量系统 定向 倾角传感器 室内空间测量定位系统 

分 类 号：TH72[机械工程—仪器科学与技术]