秸秆发酵液对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长特性的影响  

Straw Fermentation Broth:Effects on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth Characteristics of Maize

作　　者：萨如拉[1] 张雪婷 杨恒山[1] 张云 徐永辉 Sa Rula;Zhang Xueting;Yang Hengshan;Zhang Yun;Xu Yonghui(College of Agriculture,Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities,Tongliao Inner Mongolia 028000)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学,内蒙古通辽028000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2021年第18期14-18,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然基金项目“低温秸秆降解复合菌系作用机制与途径研究”(31960383);国家重点研发计划项目“东北西部春玉米水肥一体化高产高效技术研究与模式构建”(2017YFD0300805);内蒙古自然基金面上项目“复合菌系8号高效降解冷凉地区玉米秸秆的作用机理研究”(2018MS03059);“互联网+”大学生创新创业大赛创新训练项目“盐碱地秸秆还田脱盐降碱增产”。

摘　　要：为了探究秸秆还田配施腐熟剂对玉米幼苗的影响,以40 g/L、50 g/L、60 g/L和70 g/L玉米秸秆-土壤浸出液自然发酵及腐熟剂发酵液为试材,用滤纸培养、盆栽法和常规方法测定种子发芽率、幼苗根长、根数、株高、幼苗鲜重、游离脯氨酸和丙二醛含量。结果表明,随发酵液浓度的增加,种子发芽率、根长、根数、根系鲜重、株高、叶片鲜重均先增加后降低的趋势;相同浓度腐熟剂发酵液的上述指标值均大于自然发酵液;其中50 g/L自然发酵和60 g/L腐熟剂发酵液种子发芽率较高;腐熟剂发酵液显著增加幼苗根长;50 g/L腐熟剂发酵液极显著增加根数;各处理对幼苗根鲜重、叶片鲜重和株高无显著影响。50 g/L自然发酵液、60 g/L腐熟剂发酵液根系和叶片游离脯氨酸及丙二醛含量与土壤浸出液无显著差异;总体看,50 g/L自然发酵及60 g/L腐熟剂发酵液对玉米幼苗生长有显著促进作用。玉米秸秆配施腐熟剂发酵可减弱其化感作用,秸秆还田配施腐熟剂时可适当增加秸秆还田量。To explore the effect of straw returning combined with composting agent on maize seedling,the natural fermentation of 40 g/L,50 g/L,60 g/L and 70 g/L corn straw soil extract and fermentation broth of decomposed agent were used as test materials.The seed germination rate,root length,root number,plant height,fresh weight,free proline and malondialdehyde content were measured by filter paper culture,pot culture and conventional methods.The results showed that the seed germination rate,root length,root number,root fresh weight,plant height and leaf fresh weight increased first and then decreased with the increase of fermentation broth concentration.The values of the above indexes of fermentation broth with the same-concentration decomposed agent were higher than that of natural fermentation broth,and the germination rate of 50 g/L natural fermentation and 60 g/L fermentation broth of decomposed agent was relatively high;the fermentation broth of composting agent significantly increased the root length of seedlings;50 g/L fermentation broth of decomposed agent significantly increased the number of roots;all treatments had no significant effect on the fresh weight of root,leaf and plant height.The contents of free proline and malondialdehyde in roots and leaves of 50 g/L natural fermentation broth and 60 g/L composting agent fermentation broth were not significantly different from those in soil extract.In general,50 g/L natural fermentation and 60 g/L fermentation broth of composting agent could significantly promote the growth of maize seedlings.The allelopathy of corn straw combined with composting agent fermentation could be weakened,and the amount of straw returned to the field should be appropriately increased when straw is returned to the field.

关 键 词：秸秆发酵液 玉米发芽率 MDA含量 游离脯氨酸含量 

分 类 号：S311[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]