2019年衡阳市用人单位重点职业病危害因素检测结果分析  

Analysis on Detection of Key Factors of Occupational Hazard of Employers in Hengyang City in 2019

作　　者：李斌[1] 邹观湘[1] 匡佳佳 陈勇 黄晓霞 LI Bin;ZOU Guanxiang;KUANG Jiajia;CHEN Yong;HUANG Xiaoxia(Hengyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hengyang 421000,Hunan Province,China.;Chuanshan College of Nanhua University,Hengyang 421000,Hunan Province,China.)

机构地区：[1]衡阳市疾病预防控制中心,湖南衡阳421000 [2]南华大学船山学院,湖南衡阳421000

出　　处：《职业卫生与病伤》2021年第3期133-137,共5页Occupational Health and Damage

摘　　要：目的分析2019年衡阳市用人单位工作场所重点职业病危害因素检测情况,进一步提出防治策略。方法根据《2019年湖南省工作场所职业病危害监测工作方案》的要求,随机抽取283家用人单位,收集2019年度的职业卫生培训、职业健康检查、工作场所职业病危害因素检测以及2018年度工作场所职业病危害因素检测等资料,采用SPSS 20.0软件进行Pearsonχ2检验,检验水准α=0.05。结果衡阳市存在重点职业病危害因素的用人单位企业规模以小型企业为主(68.55%),行业类别以制造业(67.84%)和采矿业(31.80%)为主、经济类型以有限责任公司(62.54%)为主;劳动者接受职业卫生培训率(52.40%)较低,且随企业规模减小劳动者培训率减低(χ2=8234.68,P<0.01);职业卫生“三同时”的落实、职业病防护设施的有效使用、个人防护用品的有效佩戴、职业健康检查的开展、工作场所职业病危害因素检测的开展等情况均较差;用人单位工作场所重点职业病危害因素检测结果2019年度超标率高于2018年度(χ2=325.83,P<0.01)。结论衡阳市职业病防治形势较严峻,需加强监督管理力度,提升职业卫生技术服务机构的能力,加强宣教与健康促进。Objective To analyze the detection of key occupational hazards in workplaces of employers in Hengyang City in 2019,and to put forward prevention and control strategies.Methods According to the requirements of“The Work Plan for Monitoring Occupational Hazards in Workplaces of Hunan Province in 2019”,the data of occupational health training,occupational health examination,detection of occupational hazard factors in workplaces and annual occupational disease hazard factors in workplace 2018 from 283 randomly selected organizations in 2019 were collected,and Pearson chi-squared test were used by SPSS 20.0 software,test levelα=0.05.Results In Hengyang City,the employer with the key occupational hazard factors were mainly small enterprises(68.55%),the category is mainly manufacturing(67.84%)and mining industries(31.80%),and the economic type is mainly limited liability companies(62.54%);The rate of workers receiving occupational health training(52.40%)was low,and with the decrease of enterprise size,the training rate of workers decreased(χ2=8234.68,P<0.01),the implementation of“Three Simultaneities”of occupational health,the effective use of occupational disease prevention facilities,the effective wearing of personal protective equipment,the development of occupational health examination and the detection of occupational hazards in workplace were all poor;The detection results of key occupational-disease-inductive factors in the employer's workplace showed that the over-standard rate in 2019 was higher than that in 2018(χ2=325.83,P<0.01).Conclusion The situation of occupational disease prevention and control in Hengyang city is severe.It is necessary to strengthen supervision and management,enhance the ability of occupational health technical service institutions and strengthen publicity and health promotion.

关 键 词：职业病 危害 流行病学 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]