1961—2017年华北区域大气自净能力变化特征及其影响因素分析  

ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERISTICS AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OFATMOSPHERIC SELF-PURIFICATION CAPACITY IN NORTH CHINADURING 1961—2017

作　　者：井元元 李宏宇 张婧[1,2] 许启慧 刘咪咪[1,2] JING Yuan-yuan;LI Hong-yu;ZHANG Jing;XU Qi-hui;LIU Mi-mi(Key Laboratory of Meteorological and Ecological Environment of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang 050021,China;Hebei Climate Center,Shijiazhuang 050021,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省气象与生态环境重点实验室,河北石家庄050021 [2]河北省气候中心,河北石家庄050021

出　　处：《热带气象学报》2021年第2期233-244,共12页Journal of Tropical Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41705075);国家重点研发计划(2018YFA0606302)共同资助。

摘　　要：基于华北区域80个国家地面气象观测站资料,采用大气自净能力指数(ASI)分析了1961—2017年华北区域大气自净能力的气候分布特征及长期变率;用MK和MT法及Morlet小波对ASI进行了突变检验和能量谱分析;结合ASI的REOF空间载荷场分布特征,将华北区域进行分区,并研究了气象要素与华北区域及各分区的可能联系;对于大气自净能力较低的IV区,选择近年污染相对严重的部分城市(石家庄、保定和唐山),对比了ASI与污染气象条件及不同级别AQI天数占比情况。结果表明:年、季尺度的大气自净能力在京津冀和山西大部、内蒙古东北部等区域呈现出较低的气候值,在内蒙古中部等其他地区呈现出相对较高的气候值,大气自净能力在季节尺度上呈现出从春季到冬季逐渐下降的变化趋势;区域变暖背景下,冬季风环流减弱,天气过程频率和强度减弱,地面风速随之降低,导致ASI降低;研究区域的ASI与混合层高度、地表通风系数、良和轻度级别天数占比均呈现出同相月变化,而与静稳天气指数、重度和严重级别天数占比呈现出反相月变化规律。根据风速和气温对大气自净能力的影响规律,推测未来大气自净能力很可能进一步降低,因此建议地方政府进行适当的大气污染减排和区域产业升级,有利于控制未来的空气污染形势。Based on the data from 80 national surface meteorological stations,the atmospheric selfpurification capacity index(ASI)is used to analyze the climate distribution characteristics and long-term variability of the atmospheric self-purification capacity in north China from 1961 to 2017.The time of abrupt change and spectrum analysis for atmospheric self-purification capacity is tested using Mann-Kendall and Moving-T methods and Morlet wavelet.With the distribution characteristics of REOF space load of ASI considered,north China is divided into subregions,and the connections between meteorological elements are studied.For Zone IV,where the atmospheric self-purification capacity is low,the cities(Shijiazhuang,Baoding and Tangshan)with relatively serious pollution in recent years are selected to give further comparison between ASI with polluted meteorological conditions and the proportion of days with different levels of air quality.The results show that the climatic value of annual and seasonal spatial distribution characteristics of ASI is relatively low for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,most parts of Shanxi,and the northeast of Inner Mongolia,whereas the value for central Inner Mongolia is relatively high.The self-purification capacity of the atmosphere gradually declines from spring to winter on a seasonal scale.With the background of regional warming,the wind monsoon circulation in winter and the frequency and intensity of weather process are weakened,which reduce the surface wind speed and result in the decrease of ASI.In the study area,the ASI and the mixed layer height,the surface ventilation coefficient,and the proportions of days with good and mild grades all show similar monthly changes in phase,while the proportions of ASI with static weather index,and the proportions of severe and severe days show a reversed monthly change.According to the influence of wind speed and temperature on the ASI,it is assumed that the air self-purification capacity is likely to be further reduced in the future.Therefore,it is

关 键 词：大气自净能力指数(ASI) 时空变化特征 影响因素 华北区域 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]