某飞机维修项目职业病危害和控制措施  

Analysis on occupational hazard and control measures in an aircraft maintenance enterprise

作　　者：黎丽春[1] 闫雪华[1] 陈慧峰[1] 耿继武[1] 张灶钦[1] LI Li-chun;YAN Xue-hua;CHEN Hui-feng;GENG Ji-wu;ZHANG Zao-qin(Institute of Occupational Health Assessment,Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment,Guangzhou Guangdong 510300,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省职业病防治院职业卫生评价所,广东广州510300

出　　处：《中国卫生工程学》2021年第3期381-384,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health Engineering

摘　　要：目的通过职业病危害控制效果评价,分析某飞机维修项目的职业病危害程度,确定关键控制点,制订关键控制措施。方法采用现场调查、职业卫生检测、职业健康检查等方法对该项目职业病危害进行识别、分析。结果该项目存在的职业病危害因素有噪声、玻璃棉粉尘、其他粉尘、砂轮磨尘、丙酮、丁酮、正己烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯、异丙醇、四氯乙烯、二氯甲烷、手传振动。工作场所噪声强度为65.6~114.0 dB(A),机电员、结构工、客舱工、复合工的8 h等效声级检测结果超过85 dB(A),超标率为67%。切割作业时的粉尘和清洗作业时的二氯甲烷短时间浓度最大值均超过相应PC-TWA的3倍,但低于5倍。清洗工的二氯甲烷、四氯乙烯个体浓度超过职业接触限值,其他化学毒物、粉尘、手传振动的检测结果均低于职业接触限值。结论该飞机维修项目关键控制因素是噪声、二甲苯、二氯甲烷、四氯乙烯、粉尘,关键控制岗位为机电员、结构工、客舱工、复合工、清洗工,应采取有效的工程控制措施,并加强职业卫生管理。Objective To analyze the occupational hazard and key control point in an aircraft maintenance enterprise.Methods The methods of occupational hygiene investigation in workplace and medical examination were applied.Results The occupational hazard factors that exist in the aircraft maintenance enterprise were noise, fibrous glass dust, grinding wheel dust, other dust, acetone, butanone, n-hexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, ethyl benzene, isopropyl alcohol, tetrachloroethylene and dichloromethane and hand-transmitted vibration.The noise intensity in the workplace ranged from 65.6 dB(A) to 114.0 dB(A), and the LEX,8 h of electromechanical workers, structural workers, cabin workers and composite workers exceeded 85 dB(A), and the exceedance rate was 67%.The maximum short-time concentration of dust in cutting operation and dichloromethane in cleaning operation was more than 3 times of the corresponding PC-TWA, but less than 5 times.The individual concentration of dichloromethane and tetrachloroethylene of the cleaning workers exceeded the occupational exposure limit, and the detection results of other chemicals, dust and hand-transmitted vibration were all below the occupational exposure limit.Conclusion The main occupational hazards are noise, xylene, dichloromethane, tetrachloroethylene and dust. Effective engineering control measures should be taken to control hazards, and occupational health management should be strengthened.

关 键 词：飞机维修 职业病危害 关键控制点 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]