构造软煤中速控压钻进成孔工艺研究  

Medium-speed pressure-controlled drilling in tectonic soft coal seam

作　　者：赵晶 ZHAO Jing(Mine Safety Branch,China Coal Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100013,China;State Key Laboratory of Coal Mining and Clean Utilization,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司安全分院,北京100013 [2]煤炭资源高效开采与洁净利用国家重点实验室,北京100013

出　　处：《煤炭工程》2021年第6期51-56,共6页Coal Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0804206-002);中煤科工集团科技创新基金项目(2019-TD-QN024)。

摘　　要：针对构造软煤钻进成孔困难、缺少有效钻进防塌孔工艺的问题,构建了软煤顺层钻孔钻进-排渣过程三维力学模型,系统分析了钻进压力、排渣动力、钻进速度对孔壁稳定性和排渣效果的影响机制,得出钻孔失稳的主控因素,并给出孔内煤屑积存量与钻进压力、排渣动力之间的数学关系式,进而获取了钻压与钻速、转速及钻具磨损量的变化特征曲线,最终提出了软煤中速控压钻进工艺,并在朱家店煤矿4号煤层进行实践,结果表明:钻孔终孔深度随钻压呈先增后减趋势,且随转速增加,其下降速率增大,塌孔夹钻次数与钻压呈"V"型变化;终孔深度受转速影响程度较小,在中速阶段呈现渐增趋稳的走势,在低速和高速阶段,夹钻次数明显偏高;给进压力合理范围为60~80kN,转速为130~160r/min,给压方式选择正压推进与零压空转相结合,遇糜棱状构造煤,则需采用正-负压交替的给压方式。Aiming at the difficulty in drilling and forming holes in tectonic soft coal and lack of effective drilling and anti-collapse hole technology, a 3 D mechanical model is constructed for soft coal along the bed drilling and slagging process, and the drilling pressure and slagging power are systematically analyzed. The impact mechanism of drilling speed on hole wall stability and slag discharge effect, the main controlling factors of drilling instability are obtained, and the mathematical relationship between the amount of coal dust accumulation in the hole, drilling pressure and slag discharge power is given, according to which, the characteristic curves of weight-on-bit and drilling speed, rotation speed and drilling tool wear are obtained. Finally, the soft coal medium-speed controlled pressure drilling technology is proposed and applied in the No.4 coal seam of Zhujiadian Coal Mine. The results show that, the final hole depth first increases and then decreases as the weight on bit rises, the declining rate rises as the rotation quickens, and the relationship between the number of collapse hole clamps and the weight on the bit is a V-curve. Influence of the rotate speed on depth of the final hole is not significant, which shows an increase-stabilize trend in the medium-speed stage, and the number of clamping drills is obviously higher in the low-speed and high-speed stages. The reasonable range of feed pressure is 60~80 kN, and the rotation speed is 130~160 r/min. The major pressurizing mode is positive pressure advance and zero pressure idling, while in the case of mylonitic coal, it is necessary to adopt a positive-negative pressure alternating pressurizing.

关 键 词：构造软煤 顺层钻孔 孔壁失稳 螺旋排渣 中速控压工艺 

分 类 号：TD712[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]