妊娠期慢性缺氧对子代大鼠血糖与重要脏器和血管生长发育的影响  

Influence of prenatal chronic hypoxia on plasma glucose,vital organs and vessels growth and development in offspring rats

作　　者：应红安[1] 王振华[2] 黄子扬[2] 程恩华[1] 洪卫文[1] YING Hong-an;WANG Zhen-hua;HUANG Zi-yang;CHENG En-hua;HONG Wei-wen(Geriatrics Department,Taizhou First People’s Hospital,Taizhou,Zhejiang 318020,China;Department of Cardiology,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University)

机构地区：[1]台州市第一人民医院老年病科,浙江台州318020 [2]福建医科大学附属第二医院心血管内科

出　　处：《中华高血压杂志》2021年第6期531-539,共9页Chinese Journal of Hypertension

摘　　要：目的通过对妊娠期缺氧子代大鼠的研究,探讨妊娠不同时期的慢性缺氧对雌雄子代大鼠血糖与重要脏器和血管生长发育的影响。方法 SD大鼠孕鼠25只,随机分为孕全期、早期、中期、晚期4个缺氧组和一个正常对照组,每组5只。出生子代大鼠分别于1天龄每组随机取子鼠10只,3月龄、6月龄每组随机各取雌雄子鼠各5只。测定子鼠体质量,称量主要脏器质量;血糖仪测定子代大鼠空腹血糖,放射免疫法测定空腹血清胰岛素,测定稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR);HE染色法观测心脏、肾脏病理变化;Masson三色特染法分析主动脉、颈动脉和股动脉的肌纤维及胶原纤维病理变化。结果妊娠缺氧组均表现出子代低出生体质量,以孕早期缺氧组最显著[体质量:孕早期缺氧组(5.26±0.81)比对照组(6.55±0.32)g,P<0.01],成年后出现"追赶生长现象",于6月龄雌雄子鼠各缺氧组与对照组体质量相比差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。妊娠缺氧组孕鼠流产率、新生鼠死亡率、子代大鼠病死率略升高,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。主要脏器不成比例生长,宫内缺氧组各组子代大鼠出生时心脏质量指数高于对照组[孕全期缺氧组(0.54±0.05)%、孕早期缺氧组(0.54±0.06)%、孕中期缺氧组(0.55±0.05)%、孕晚期缺氧组(0.53±0.08)%比对照组(0.43±0.07)%,P<0.05],而肝脏质量指数低于对照组(P<0.05),肺脏、肾脏质量指数相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随着生长发育,心脏、肝脏质量指数逐渐恢复正常,而肾脏质量指数于3月龄时表现出低于对照组(P<0.05),6月龄时这种差异仍持续存在。6月龄缺氧组子代大鼠空腹血糖、HOMA-IR较对照组升高(均P<0.05)。与对照组比较,缺氧组子代大鼠主动脉、颈动脉及股动脉血管胶原纤维增多、肌纤维部分萎缩、纤维素沉着。结论妊娠期慢性缺氧可能导致子代低出生体质量,孕鼠流产率、新生鼠死亡�Objective To explore the effects of prenatal chronic hypoxia on the growth and development of important organs and vessels in the offspring rats. Methods Twenty-five pregnant SD rats were randomly divided into whole, early, middle and late prenatal hypoxia group and control group, with 5 rats in each group. Ten offspring rats were randomly selected from each group at the age of 1 day, and 5 rats were randmomly selected in each gender at the age of 3 months and 6 months. The body mass and mass of main organs of rats were measured. Fasting blood glucose(FBG) was measured by blood glucose meter, fasting serum insulin(FINS) was measured by radioimmunoassay, and insulin resistance index was measured by homeostasis model assessment(HOMA-IR). The pathological changes of heart and kidney were observed by HE staining. The pathological changes of muscle fibers and collagen fibers in aorta, carotid artery and femoral artery were analyzed by Masson trichromatic staining. Results Offspring rats in hypoxia groups showed low birth weight, especially in those from early prenatal hypoxia group [(5.26±0.81) vs control group(6.55±0.32)g, P<0.01], and showed a "catch-up growth phenomenon" in adulthood. There was no significant difference in body mass between the hypoxia groups and the control group at the age of 6 months(P>0.05). Abortion rate of pregnant mice, newborn rat mortality and infant rat mortality were significantly increased in the hypoxia groups, but there was no significant difference(P>0.05). The main viscera organs showed disproportionate growth: the heart mass index of offspring rats in hypoxia groups were significantly higher than control group [whole prenatal hypoxia group(0.54±0.05)%, early prenatal hypoxia group(0.54±0.06)%, middle prenatal hypoxia group(0.55±0.05)%, late prenatal hypoxia group(0.53±0.08)% vs control group(0.43±0.07)%, P<0.05], while the liver mass index was lower than control group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference of lung and kidney mass index between hypoxia groups and the co

关 键 词：妊娠期慢性缺氧 子代 大鼠 低出生体质量 追赶生长现象 心脏 血管 胰岛素抵抗指数 

分 类 号：R714.2[医药卫生—妇产科学]