基于区块链智能合约的实时电价实现策略  

A Real-Time Pricing Strategy Based on the Blockchain Smart Contract

作　　者：张夏蕾 常达 胡治国[1,2] 郭良 李龙 ZHANG Xialei;CHANG Da;HU Zhiguo;GUO Liang;LI Long(School of Computer and Information Technology,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China;Institute of Big Data Science and Industry,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Trusted Software,Guilin University of Electronic Technology,Guilin 541004,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学计算机与信息技术学院,山西太原030006 [2]山西大学大数据科学与产业研究院,山西太原030006 [3]桂林电子科技大学广西可信软件重点实验室,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《山西大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第3期505-513,共9页Journal of Shanxi University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62002210,62001273);山西省应用基础研究计划(201901D111029,201901D111035);山西省重点研发计划(国际科技合作方面)(201903D421003);山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2019L0114);广西可信软件重点实验室研究课题(KX202061)。

摘　　要：实时电价基于智能电网高级量测体系收集的实时用户信息动态调节电价和供用电,能够实现电网参与方的利益最大化。但是高级量测体系网络的开放性使得实时电价容易受到数据完整性攻击的侵害,且实时电价依赖于中心化电力公司,存在信息不对称及对单点故障敏感等不足。为此,文章提出了一种基于区块链智能合约的实时电价实现策略,使用智能合约技术取代电力公司,不仅使得数据集中器可以直接与区块链交互,从而保证实时电价在数据完整性攻击面前的安全性,而且使得实时电价计算由区块链上的智能合约自动执行,从而保证实时电价制定对用户的公开透明并使得实时电价免受电力公司单点故障的影响。为了验证基于区块链智能合约的实时电价实现策略的有效性,文章基于truffle框架,将采用solidity语言编写的智能合约编译后部署至以太坊Ganache测试链,通过在HTML中引入智能合约对象实现用户信息上链、实时电价计算并获取链上计算结果进行了验证,结果表明区块链智能合约能够正确、安全地进行实时电价制定。On the basis of the real-time information collected by smart meters in the advanced metering infrastructure, real-time pricing can dynamically adjust the electricity price, power supply and consumption, which can maximize the profit of participants.Nonetheless, the openness of the advanced metering infrastructure networks makes the real-time pricing more vulnerable to data integrity attacks, and the real-time pricing depends on the centralized power company to make decisions, which leads to information asymmetry between users and the power company and sensitivity of the real-time pricing to single point of failure by the power company. To address these issues, we propose a blockchain smart contract based real-time pricing strategy. By leveraging the smart contract technology to replace the power company, data concentrators can directly interact with the blockchain, so as to ensure the security of the real-time pricing against data integrity attacks. Furthermore, the real-time pricing is automatically executed by the smart contract on the blockchain, and the real-time pricing process is transparent to all participants and is immune to single point of failure by the power company. In order to verify the effectiveness of the blockchain smart contract based real-time pricing strategy, we conduct performance experiments on the real-time pricing system based on the truffle framework. The smart contract is written in solidity language and then is compiled and deployed to the Ethereum Ganache test chain. By introducing the smart contract object, HTML files can upload users’ information, make real-time pricing decisions and obtain results from the blockchain. Through a performance evaluation, the results show that the blockchain smart contract based real-time pricing strategy could correctly and safely make real-time pricing decisions.

关 键 词：区块链 智能合约 实时电价 智能电网 

分 类 号：TP309.2[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]