以灵芝菌渣为原料堆制生物有机肥研究初报  

Preliminary Study on Preparation of Bio-organic Fertilizer from Ganoderma lucidum Residue

作　　者：李海渤[1] 魏旭 杨春亚 冯慧敏 徐守俊 吴昊 LI Hai-bo;WEI Xu;YANG Chun-ya;FENG Hui-min;XU Shou-jun;WU Hao(Shaoguan University Henry Fok College of Biology and Agriculture,Shaoguan Rape Engineering Technology Research and Development Center,Shaoguan 512005,China;Agricultural Products Public Monitoring Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]韶关学院英东生物与农业学院韶关市油菜新品种选育工程技术研究中心,广东韶关512005 [2]广东省农业科学院农产品公共监测中心,广州广东510640

出　　处：《中国食用菌》2021年第5期36-43,49,共9页Edible Fungi of China

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金(2018F030307006);韶关市科技计划项目(200726114530674、2020dn099、200811214533889);韶关学院校级科研项目(SY2018KJ04);韶关学院2021年大学生创新创业训练计划项目(Sycxcy2021146)。

摘　　要：利用灵芝菌渣和牛粪为原料,接种芽孢杆菌等微生物功能菌种,堆制生物有机肥,监测其温度、pH、含水量、电导率、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾等指标。经过21 d发酵,4个处理得到的生物有机肥pH在6.52~7.14,含水量在8%~11%,有机质在60%~66%,重金属Cd、Hg、Pb、Cr、As的含量分别低于3 mg·kg^(-1)、2 mg·kg^(-1)、50 mg·kg^(-1)、150 mg·kg^(-1)、15 mg·kg^(-1),有效活菌数(cfu) 3.8×108个/g~7.7×108个/g,蛔虫死亡率在95.8%~100%,粪大肠菌群低于11个/g~98个/g之间,均满足国家标准要求,氮、磷、钾总养分含量分别在6.44%~6.48%,满足国家标准的要求。堆肥期间,堆温呈先升高、后降低趋势,堆肥的pH、含水量、全钾略有增加,电导率、有机质、全氮、碳氮比则有所下降,全磷的变化规律不一致。Ganoderma lucidum residue and cow dung were used as raw materials and inoculated with bacillus and other microbial functional strains to compost biological organic fertilizer. The indexes of temperature, pH, water content, electrical conductivity, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium were analyzed regularly. The results showed that, the contents of Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr and As were lower than 3 mg·kg^(-1), 2 mg·kg^(-1), 50 mg·kg^(-1), 150 mg·kg^(-1) and 15 mg·kg^(-1), respectively, and the effective number of viable bacteria(cfu) was between 380 million/g-770 million/g, the mortality rate of ascaris was95.8%-100%, and the fecal coliform group was less than 11-98 per gram, which met the requirements of national standard. The total nutrient contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are 6.44%-6.48%, which can meet the requirements of national standard. During composting, the temperature of compost increased first and then decreased. The pH, water content and total potassium of compost increased slightly, while the conductivity, organic matter, total nitrogen and C/N ratio decreased. The variation of total phosphorus was inconsistent.

关 键 词：菌渣 灵芝 有机肥 生物有机肥 堆肥 

分 类 号：S646.9[农业科学—蔬菜学]