基于物种落差分析的湿地公园提升设计——以珠海淇澳红树林湿地公园为例  

Improved Design of Wetland Park Based on Species Differential Analysis at the Qi’ao Mangrove Wetland Park in Zhuhai City

作　　者：吴任之 方小山[2] 袁莉 刘爽 胡慧建 WU Renzhi;FANG Xiaoshan;YUAN Li;LIU Shuang;HU Huijian

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学建筑学院 [2]华南理工大学建筑学院,亚热带建筑科学国家重点实验室 [3]广东省科学院动物研究所

出　　处：《西部人居环境学刊》2021年第3期65-72,共8页Journal of Human Settlements in West China

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(2019B121202003,2019B121202004);广东省科学院发展专项资金项目(2019GDASYL-0105045);广东省科学院科技发展专项(2018GDASCX-0107);广东省林业科技创新项目(2020KJCX005);惠州市科技计划项目(2020SC0302019)。

摘　　要：物种落差分析法(Species Differential Analysis,SDA)通过对目标湿地公园现存、周边和历史鸟类名录进行集合运算来确定目标物种,再根据这些目标物种的栖息需求和存在情况,推导出具体的栖息地设计方案和水鸟招引策略。以2015年启动的珠海淇澳红树林湿地公园(一期)提升工程为例,通过实地监测和文献查阅发现目标区域共有水鸟15种,周边21种,历史27种,基于该数据运用物种落差分析方法确定目标水鸟共34种;这些目标水鸟按存在情况被分配不同的招引对策,按栖息需求被分为鹭类、鸻鹬类、秧鸡类、雁鸭类和鸥类5大类型;结合场地原始条件,确定目标区域营造包括林地、滩涂等8种生态类型;根据以上分析结果,对湿地公园进行场地分区,地形改造,植物种植与集中施策,实现湿地公园生态环境和水鸟多样性的恢复与提升。Species difference analysis(SDA)method determines the target species by comparing the current,peripheral,and historical bird data of the project site,according to their dominance.It helps deduce the habitat design workflow and waterfowl recruitment strategy,according to habitat requirements and the existence of these target species.In the SDA method,the current species(denoted by C)were birds observed at the site in the beginning of habitat improvement project;the peripheral species(P)were birds that previously lived at the site but only lived in peripheral habitats when the project began;and the historical species(H)were birds that historically existed in and around the site but had since disappeared.Species difference(D)were the difference between the existing species and the historical species,which were generally caused by species escape and extinction.D included“species that have completely disappeared but historically existed in and around the target area”(D’)and“species that have disappeared but existed in the target area”(D”).The current species C can also be divided as two sets:species that exist in the target area but do not exist in the surrounding area(C’),and the species that exit in the target area but also exit in the surrounding area(C”).The above species set D’,D”,C’and C”are the target species that need to focus on restoration.The SDA method sets the current,peripheral and historical species collected by field survey and literature as C,H and P,each set contains the information of species name and species dominance.The three sets can be divided into four categories(non-existence,uncommon species,common species,and dominant species)according to the species dominance,so there are 64(4×4×4)possibilities in the combination of the three sets.For each possible situation,specify a recruitment strategy,including“no recruitment”,“increase”(I),“attraction”(A),and“reintroduction”(R).Among them,the“increase”strategy refers to the improvement of the current habit

关 键 词：物种落差分析法 水鸟 物种多样性 生境营造 湿地公园 提升设计 

分 类 号：TU985.121[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]