城市收缩背景下日本基础教育设施规划应对策略及其启示  

Research on Coping Strategies of Japan Basic Education Facility Planning Under the Background of City Shrinkage and Their Implications

作　　者：董禹[1] 曾尔力 李罕哲[1] 王广鹏[2] DONG Yu;ZENG Erli;LI Hanzhe;WANG Guangpeng

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院 [2]中国城市规划设计研究院深圳分院

出　　处：《西部人居环境学刊》2021年第3期116-124,共9页Journal of Human Settlements in West China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51678087);国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(51708275)。

摘　　要："城市收缩"趋势潜藏在我国快速城镇化的背面,人口空间结构与基础教育资源配置的矛盾逐渐显现,对现有规划理论和实践内容提出新的要求。由于日本城市收缩出现较早,因此本文通过案例分析介绍日本经验,从基础教育设施角度探讨收缩城市可能面临的问题与可参考应对策略。持续多年的人口中心转移与少子化现象,促使日本从制度、评估、合作多层面优化基础教育规划管理体系。在实现"权利下放""动态反馈""公众参与"间良性合作基础上,日本进一步调整详细规划策略:依据精准人口预测模型限制基础教育设施的增量发展;积极促进学校与社区公共设施灵活互补;重点关注基础教育设施存量更新、精细化功能改善,并发挥地域自然优势吸引外来学生,以提升疏化地区的学校活力。结合日本多地实践案例,从"限制供给""协同互补""盘活复兴"三方面阐述了日本基础教育设施规划应对城市收缩的具体策略,以期为我国未来基础教育设施规划与建设提供重要思路。The prosperous and recessionary state of cities is considered as altered natural cycle,and shrinkage as a possible stage in the process of urban development,has gained extensive attention from international urban planning researchers.For China,although growth is still the mainstream,the trend of“city shrinkage”has already hidden behind Chinese rapid urbanization,leading to the rising contradiction between population spatial structure and basic education resources allocation,which may further cause potential troubles for the planning of basic education facility.However,Chinese relative researches still focus on the data of“Thousand People Index”and“Hierarchical Supporting Standards”to guide the incremental planning of schools,few scholars study the basic education facility planning from the perspective of urban shrinkage context.Japan is the leading urbanization country in Asia with comparatively lower birth rate,while more than 50%of Japanese cities have stepped into the shrinking phase from the beginning of 21st century.Under the significant change of urban development stage,problems arising from the basic education facility planning and their effective countermeasures from Japan,could bring inspiration to China for the new round of urbanization in view of social and educational equity.To cope with the challenges posed by shrinking cities,such as fewer school-age children,downsizing schools and aging educational infrastructures,Japan’s Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology(abbreviated as MEXT),who oversees nationwide education policy and school facilities,has optimized the planning and management system for basic schools to enhance the feasibility and efficiency of the planning process from aspects of“decentralization”,“dynamic feedback”and“public participation”.MEXT has provided appropriate support through detailed planning frameworks and case templates instead of direct involvement to minimize central intervention in local basic education facility planning.In add

关 键 词：城市收缩 日本 基础教育设施规划 规划转型 存量优化 

分 类 号：TU984.37[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]