量词“门”称量炮的原因考证与认知分析  

Textual Research and Cognitive Analysis of the Measure Word Men Modifying Artillery

作　　者：李蓉 LI Rong(School of International Education,Jianghan University,Wuhan,Hubei 430056,China)

机构地区：[1]江汉大学国际教育学院,湖北武汉430056

出　　处：《肇庆学院学报》2021年第4期51-55,共5页Journal of Zhaoqing University

摘　　要：称量"炮"的量词众多,"门"是其中较为特殊的一个,对于其称量炮的来源,目前主要有"炮口说"和"防盾说"两个观点。"炮口说"认为炮口是炮弹的进出口,发射时需要用炮口对准目标物,炮口最为突出,与"门"是建筑物的出入口的功能具有相似性,这种视觉上的刺激使人们选择量词"门"来称量。"防盾说"认为火炮构造中的防盾是板状的,看上去和门相似,于是人们用"门"称量火炮。这两种学说都不够严谨,不合逻辑或史实。基于考察分析,用量词"门"称量炮和铳始于明代,各种类型火炮和火铳的构造中都必须有火门这一区别于冷兵器的典型部分,且火门是实现其发射功能的入口,在转喻的认知机制下,部分指代整体,故而提出"火门说"。For the source of measure word Men modifying artillery,there are currently two views:muzzle theory and anti-shield theory.Muzzle theory believes that muzzle is the exit of shells.When firing,it needs to aim at the target,so it is the most prominent.This visual stimulation makes people choose the measure word Men.Anti-shield theory thinks that anti-shield is plate-shaped and looks similar to gate,so people use Men to modify artillery.Both of these theories are not rigorous and logical enough.Based on diachronic investigation and analysis,the use of measure word Men modifying artillery started from Ming Dynasty.The charge of early cannon and firearms is ignited through touchhole,so touchhole is the entrance to achieve firing function,which makes it a typical feature different from cold weapons.Therefore,we proposed touchhole theory.

关 键 词：量词“门” 火炮 火铳 火门 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]