儿童呼吸道感染常见病毒类型及流行病学特点分析  

Analysis of Common Virus Types and Epidemiological Characteristics of Children's Respiratory Tract Infections

作　　者：韩娟 钟丽华 刘罗慧 HAN Juan;ZHONG Lihua;LIU Luohui(Department of Pediatrics,Shenzhen Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University,Shenzhen,Guangdong Province,518028 China;Emergency Department,Shenzhen Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University,Shenzhen,Guangdong Province,518028 China)

机构地区：[1]南方医科大学附属深圳妇幼保健院儿科,广东深圳518028 [2]南方医科大学附属深圳妇幼保健院急诊科,广东深圳518028

出　　处：《中外医疗》2021年第14期58-60,共3页China & Foreign Medical Treatment

摘　　要：目的探讨儿童呼吸道感染常见病毒类型及流行病学特点,为预防呼吸道感染提供数据支持。方法整群选取2018年1—12月期间该院门诊及住院接收的呼吸道感染患儿21448例作为研究对象,取鼻咽深部分泌物,采用免疫荧光法或金标法对标本进行流感病毒A、流感病毒B、副流感病毒Ⅰ、副流感病毒Ⅱ、副流感病毒Ⅲ、腺病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒等7种呼吸道病毒检测,统计7种呼吸道病毒的分布情况,并对各病毒在儿童呼吸道感染中流行病学特点进行分析。结果在21448例患儿中病毒感染阳性率为24.48%,其中流感病毒A 14.99%,流感病毒B 4.92%,副流感病毒Ⅰ0.36%,副流感病毒Ⅱ0.48%,副流感病毒Ⅲ1.17%,腺病毒0.26%,呼吸道合胞病毒2.30%。不同季节呼吸道病毒检出率依次为一季度35.87%,二季度12.59%,三季度23.42%,四季度31.39%,比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=64.851,P<0.05);不同年龄呼吸道病毒检出率依次为<1岁19.79%,1~3岁17.85%,4~6岁26.30%,>6岁32.36%,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论儿童呼吸道感染常见病毒类型以流感病毒A、流感病毒B、呼吸道合胞病毒较为多见,感染受年龄、季节影响,其中婴幼儿及冬春季阳性率高。Objective To investigate the common virus types and epidemiological characteristics of childhood respiratory tract infections, and to provide data support for the prevention of respiratory tract infections. Methods A total of 21 448 children with respiratory tract infections received in the hospital between January and December 2018 were the whole group selected as the research objects. The deep nasopharyngeal secretions were collected and the specimens were analyzed for influenza virus A, influenza virus B, parainfluenza virus Ⅰ, parainfluenza virus Ⅱ, parainfluenza virus Ⅲ, adenovirus,respiratory syncytial virus and other seven respiratory viruses were tested, the distribution of seven respiratory viruses was counted, and the respiratory tract infections epidemiological characteristics of each virus in children were analyzed. Results The positive rate of virus Ⅰ infection in 21 448 children was 24.48%, of which influenza virus A 14.99%, influenza virus B4.92%, parainfluenza virus 0.36%, parainfluenza virus Ⅱ 0.48%, and parainfluenza virus Ⅲ 1.17 %, adenovirus 0.26%,respiratory syncytial virus 2.30%. The detection rate of respiratory viruses in different seasons was 35.87% in the first quarter, 12.59% in the second quarter, 23.42% in the third quarter, and 31.39% in the fourth quarter, the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=64.851, P<0.05);19.79% for less than 1 year old, 17.85% for 1-3 years old, 26.30% for 4-6 years old, 32.36% for more than 6 years old, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Influenza virus A, influenza virus B, and respiratory syncytial virus are more common types of respiratory tract infections in children. The infection is affected by age and season. Among them, the positive rate of infants and children in winter and spring is high.

关 键 词：儿童 呼吸道感染 病毒 流行病学 呼吸道合胞病毒 流感病毒A 

分 类 号：R4[医药卫生—临床医学]