公共卫生应急中人权克减的比例原则再探:根据、重构与适用--以行政隔离为视角  

Re-exploration of the Proportional Principle of Human Rights Reduction in Public Health Emergency:Basis,Reconstruction and Application--from the Perspective of Administrative Isolation

作　　者：胡安琪 HU Anqi(School of Public Administration,Anhui Jianzhu University,Hefei 230601,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽建筑大学公共管理学院,安徽合肥230601

出　　处：《湖南人文科技学院学报》2021年第4期79-85,共7页Journal of Hunan University of Humanities,Science and Technology

基　　金：安徽省教育厅人文社会科学研究重点项目“疫后安全韧性城市建设视域下突发事件应急治理体系重构研究”(SK2020A0273);安徽建筑大学科研项目储备库培育项目“疫后安全韧性城市建设视角下突发事件应急治理体系重构研究——以安徽省为例”(2020XMK05);安徽建筑大学科研基金资助项目“多元共治背景下政府购买公共服务的法律保障机制研究”(2019QDR10)。

摘　　要：行政权力与公民权利之间内含天然的博弈关系。在突发公共卫生事件中,行政应急权力较常态化行政而言所具备的扩张性、集中性和高度裁量性,更加剧了这种矛盾。为保障公共利益而克减公民个人权利具有正当性,但仍需保持合理的限度。比例原则对行政权力的妥当性、必要性和均衡性要求,可以化解公私利益保障间的冲突。但在公共卫生应急情形的特殊要求下,应适当调整比例原则的内涵,确立“最大保护”和“损害相当”原则。比例原则的具体适用要求应急措施的严苛程度应与危机的种类、等级和生命周期相匹配,动态施策,实现依法、科学、精准防控。多元治理方式协调联动,可增强公共卫生应急的社会认同感。There is a natural game relationship between administrative power and civil rights.In public health emergencies,administrative emergency power is more expansive,centralized and highly discretionary than normal administration,which further intensifies this contradiction.In order to realize the protection of public interests,the derogation of individual rights of citizens should be justified and kept within reasonable limits.The principle of proportionality requires the appropriateness,necessity and balance of administrative power,which can resolve the conflict between public and private interest protection.However,under the special requirements of public health emergencies,the connotation of the principle of proportionality should be appropriately adjusted,and the principles of“maximum protection”and“equal damage”should be established.The specific application of the principle of proportionality requires that the severity of emergency measures should be matched with the type,level and life cycle of the crisis,and dynamic policies should be implemented to achieve legal,scientific,and precise prevention and control.Coordination and linkage of multiple governance methods can enhance the social identity of public health emergencies.

关 键 词：突发公共卫生事件 人权克减 比例原则 行政隔离 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]